Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Mech Dev. 2013 Jun-Aug;130(6-8):373-80. doi: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
With a microtubule-based axoneme supporting its plasma membrane-ensheathed projection from the basal body of almost all cell types in the human body, and present in only one copy per cell, the primary cilium can be considered an organelle sui generis. Although it was first observed and recorded in histological studies from the late 19th century, the tiny structure was essentially forgotten for many decades. In the past ten years, however, scientists have turned their eyes once again upon primary cilia and realized that they are very important for the development of almost all organs in the mammalian body, especially those dependent upon the signaling from members Hedgehog family, such as Indian and Sonic hedgehog. In this review, we outline the roles that primary cilia play in forebrain development, not just in the crucial transduction of Sonic hedgehog signaling, but also new results showing that cilia are important for cell cycle progression in proliferating neural precursors. We will focus upon cerebral cortex development but will also discuss the importance of cilia for the embryonic hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and diencephalon.
人体几乎所有细胞类型的基体都有一个基于微管的轴丝，支撑着从基体伸出的、被质膜包裹的突起，每个细胞只有一个初级纤毛，可以被认为是一种独特的细胞器。虽然早在 19 世纪的组织学研究中就已经观察到并记录了初级纤毛，但在接下来的几十年里，这个微小的结构基本被遗忘了。然而，在过去的十年中，科学家们再次将目光投向了初级纤毛，并意识到它们对哺乳动物体内几乎所有器官的发育都非常重要，尤其是那些依赖于 Hedgehog 家族成员（如 Indian 和 Sonic hedgehog）信号的器官。在这篇综述中，我们概述了初级纤毛在大脑前脑发育中的作用，不仅在 Sonic hedgehog 信号的关键转导中发挥作用，而且还有新的结果表明纤毛对于增殖性神经前体细胞的细胞周期进程也很重要。我们将重点讨论大脑皮层的发育，但也将讨论纤毛对胚胎海马体、嗅球和间脑的重要性。
