Ortiz López P
Pazmanitengasse, 19-2A. 1020 Vienna, Austria.
Ann ICRP. 2012 Oct-Dec;41(3-4):197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.icrp.2012.06.025.
Radiotherapy has unquestionable benefits, but it is also associated with unique and specific safety issues. It is the only application of radiation in which humans are intentionally delivered very high doses. Safety in radiotherapy remains heavily dependent on human actions. A step-by-step approach is suggested for the prevention of accidental exposures in radiation therapy: (1) allocation of responsibilities to qualified professionals, and design of a quality and safety programme - no radiotherapy practice should be operated without these key elements; (2) use of the lessons from accidental exposures to test whether the quality and safety programme is sufficiently robust against these types of events -publications by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Atomic Energy Agency provide a collection of lessons to facilitate this step; and (3) find other latent risks by posing the questions 'What else could go wrong?' or 'What other potential hazards might be present?' in a systematic, anticipative manner - methods to do so are described briefly in ICRP Publication 112.
放射治疗有毋庸置疑的益处，但它也伴随着独特且具体的安全问题。它是唯一一种故意给人体施加非常高剂量辐射的应用。放射治疗的安全性在很大程度上仍依赖于人为操作。建议采取循序渐进的方法来预防放射治疗中的意外照射：（1）将职责分配给合格的专业人员，并设计质量与安全计划——没有这些关键要素，任何放射治疗实践都不应开展；（2）利用意外照射的经验教训来检验质量与安全计划对这类事件的抵御能力是否足够强大——国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）和国际原子能机构发布的文献提供了一系列经验教训以推动这一步骤；（3）通过系统、前瞻性地提出“还可能出现什么问题？”或“还可能存在哪些其他潜在危害？”等问题来找出其他潜在风险——ICRP第112号出版物简要描述了这样做的方法。
