中学女子垒球投手的肩部活动范围、投球次数和损伤情况：一项描述性研究。
Shoulder range of motion, pitch count, and injuries among interscholastic female softball pitchers: a descriptive study.
作者信息
Shanley Ellen, Michener Lori A, Ellenbecker Todd S, Rauh Mitchell J
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Oct;7(5):548-57.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Injury rates for softball players are similar to baseball players yet information regarding risk factors, pitching, and physical characteristics for high school windmill softball pitchers is limited. This information is needed to guide prevention, training, and rehabilitation efforts. The purpose of this study was to report descriptive data regarding the physical characteristics and pitching volume experienced by high school softball pitchers during one academic season. A secondary aim was to track and describe upper extremity injuries suffered by high school softball pitchers throughout the course of the 2009 season.
METHODS
Twelve uninjured female softball pitchers (13-18y) from 5 Greenville, South Carolina high schools participated. Prior to the 2009 season, the pitchers' shoulder internal, external, total arc of rotation and horizontal adduction PROM was measured. During the 10-week season, aggregate pitch counts (pitch volume) and occurrence of upper extremity injury were tracked for each pitcher.
RESULTS
Mean preseason internal, external, and total arc of rotation PROM was observed to be similar between the pitchers' dominant and non-dominant shoulders. The PROM measures of horizontal abduction (HA) appear to demonstrate a side-to-side difference with less HA on the dominant arm of the pitchers who were examined. Subjects threw in an average of 10.1 games (±4.9) during the season. Six pitchers threw in 60% or more of the team's games and 3 of 12 pitchers pitched less than 25% of games. Pitchers averaged 61.8 pitches per game (±31.5) and 745.8 (±506.4) per season. Pitch count data did not appear to be different between injured and non-injured pitchers.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of pitch volume can be used to prepare windmill softball pitchers for the seasonal stresses, guide establishment of goals when recovering from injury, or assist in training for an upcoming season. Further research is needed to examine larger samples of pitchers over multiple seasons and years.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
背景/目的：垒球运动员的受伤率与棒球运动员相似，但关于高中风车式垒球投手的风险因素、投球情况和身体特征的信息有限。需要这些信息来指导预防、训练和康复工作。本研究的目的是报告高中垒球投手在一个学年期间的身体特征和投球量的描述性数据。次要目的是跟踪和描述2009赛季高中垒球投手整个赛季所遭受的上肢损伤。
方法
来自南卡罗来纳州格林维尔5所高中的12名未受伤的女子垒球投手（13 - 18岁）参与了研究。在2009赛季之前，测量了投手的肩部内旋、外旋、总旋转弧和水平内收活动度。在为期10周的赛季中，跟踪每位投手的总投球数（投球量）和上肢损伤的发生情况。
结果
观察到投手优势肩和非优势肩的季前内旋、外旋和总旋转弧活动度均值相似。水平外展（HA）的活动度测量似乎显示出左右差异，在所检查的投手中，优势手臂的HA较小。受试者在赛季中平均参加10.1场比赛（±4.9）。6名投手参加了球队60%或更多的比赛，12名投手中有3名投球少于球队比赛的25%。投手平均每场投球61.8次（±31.5），每个赛季投球745.8次（±506.4）。受伤投手和未受伤投手的投球数数据似乎没有差异。
结论
投球量的知识可用于让风车式垒球投手为赛季压力做好准备，指导受伤恢复时目标的设定，或协助为即将到来的赛季进行训练。需要进一步研究以检查多个赛季和年份中更大样本的投手。
证据水平
III级。
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