Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Soil Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Microbiol. 2008 Mar;48(1):114-27. doi: 10.1007/s12088-008-0011-8. Epub 2008 May 1.
Intensive agriculture is spectacularly successful since last couple of decades due to the inputs viz; fertilizers and pesticides along with high yielding varieties. The mandate for agriculture development was to feed and adequate nutrition supply to the expanding population by side the agriculture would be entering to into new area of commercial and export orientation. The attention of public health and proper utilization natural resources are also the main issues related with agriculture development. Concern for pesticide contamination in the environment in the current context of pesticide use has assumed great importance [1]. The fate of the pesticides in the soil environment in respect of pest control efficacy, non-target organism exposure and offsite mobility has been given due consideration [2]. Kinetics and pathways of degradation depend on abiotic and biotic factors [6], which are specific to a particular pesticide and therefore find preference. Adverse effect of pesticidal chemicals on soil microorganisms [3], may affect soil fertility [4] becomes a foreign chemicals major issue. Soil microorganisms show an early warning about soil disturbances by foreign chemicals than any other parameters.But the fate and behavior of these chemicals in soil ecosystem is very important since they are degraded by various factors and have the potential to be in the soil, water etc. So it is indispensable to monitor the persistence, degradation of pesticides in soil and is also necessary to study the effect of pesticide on the soil quality or soil health by in depth studies on soil microbial activity.The removal of metabolites or degraded products should be removed from soil and it has now a day's primary concern to the environmentalist. Toxicity or the contamination of pesticides can be reduced by the bioremediation process which involves the uses of microbes or plants. Either they degrade or use the pesticides by various co metabolic processes.
由于化肥和农药以及高产品种的投入，过去几十年间，集约化农业取得了巨大成功。农业发展的任务是为不断增长的人口提供食物和充足的营养供应，同时农业也将进入商业和出口导向的新领域。公共卫生和合理利用自然资源也是与农业发展相关的主要问题。在当前农药使用的情况下，对环境中农药污染的关注已经变得非常重要[1]。考虑到农药在土壤环境中的命运，包括防治病虫害的功效、非目标生物暴露和场外迁移，已经得到了应有的重视[2]。降解的动力学和途径取决于非生物和生物因素[6]，这些因素是特定农药所特有的，因此受到青睐。农药对土壤微生物的不良影响[3]，可能会影响土壤肥力[4]，成为外来化学物质的主要问题。土壤微生物对外来化学物质对土壤的干扰比任何其他参数都更早发出预警。但是，这些化学物质在土壤生态系统中的命运和行为非常重要，因为它们会被各种因素降解，并有可能存在于土壤、水等中。因此，监测农药在土壤中的持久性和降解非常重要，并且通过深入研究土壤微生物活性，研究农药对土壤质量或土壤健康的影响也是必要的。代谢物或降解产物的去除应该从土壤中去除，这是环保主义者目前的首要关注点。生物修复过程可以减少农药的毒性或污染，其中涉及微生物或植物的使用。它们通过各种共代谢过程降解或利用农药。
