Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007 India.
Indian J Microbiol. 2008 Jun;48(2):173-94. doi: 10.1007/s12088-008-0031-4. Epub 2008 Jul 27.
In the last 20 years, the applications of genomics tools have completely transformed the field of microbial research. This has primarily happened due to revolution in sequencing technologies that have become available today. This review therefore, first describes the discoveries, upgradation and automation of sequencing techniques in a chronological order, followed by a brief discussion on microbial genomics. Some of the recently sequenced bacterial genomes are described to explain how complete genome data is now being used to derive interesting findings. Apart from the genomics of individual microbes, the study of unculturable microbiota from different environments is increasingly gaining importance. The second section is thus dedicated to the concept of metagenomics describing environmental DNA isolation, metagenomic library construction and screening methods to look for novel and potentially important genes, enzymes and biomolecules. It also deals with the pioneering studies in the area of metagenomics that are offering new insights into the previously unappreciated microbial world.
在过去的 20 年中，基因组学工具的应用彻底改变了微生物研究领域。这主要是由于当今测序技术的革命性发展。因此，本篇综述首先按照时间顺序描述了测序技术的发现、升级和自动化，然后简要讨论了微生物基因组学。描述了一些最近测序的细菌基因组，以解释如何利用完整的基因组数据得出有趣的发现。除了单个微生物的基因组学，来自不同环境的不可培养微生物组的研究也越来越受到重视。因此，第二节专门介绍宏基因组学的概念，描述环境 DNA 的分离、宏基因组文库的构建和筛选方法，以寻找新的和潜在重要的基因、酶和生物分子。它还涉及宏基因组学领域的开创性研究，这些研究为以前未被重视的微生物世界提供了新的见解。
