Gioia Jason, Yerrapragada Shailaja, Qin Xiang, Jiang Huaiyang, Igboeli Okezie C, Muzny Donna, Dugan-Rocha Shannon, Ding Yan, Hawes Alicia, Liu Wen, Perez Lesette, Kovar Christie, Dinh Huyen, Lee Sandra, Nazareth Lynne, Blyth Peter, Holder Michael, Buhay Christian, Tirumalai Madhan R, Liu Yamei, Dasgupta Indrani, Bokhetache Lina, Fujita Masaya, Karouia Fathi, Eswara Moorthy Prahathees, Siefert Johnathan, Uzman Akif, Buzumbo Prince, Verma Avani, Zwiya Hiba, McWilliams Brian D, Olowu Adeloa, Clinkenbeard Kenneth D, Newcombe David, Golebiewski Lisa, Petrosino Joseph F, Nicholson Wayne L, Fox George E, Venkateswaran Kasthuri, Highlander Sarah K, Weinstock George M
Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
PLoS One. 2007 Sep 26;2(9):e928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000928.
Bacillus spores are notoriously resistant to unfavorable conditions such as UV radiation, gamma-radiation, H2O2, desiccation, chemical disinfection, or starvation. Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 survives standard decontamination procedures of the Jet Propulsion Lab spacecraft assembly facility, and both spores and vegetative cells of this strain exhibit elevated resistance to UV radiation and H2O2 compared to other Bacillus species.
The genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032 was sequenced and annotated. Lists of genes relevant to DNA repair and the oxidative stress response were generated and compared to B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. Differences in conservation of genes, gene order, and protein sequences are highlighted because they potentially explain the extreme resistance phenotype of B. pumilus. The B. pumilus genome includes genes not found in B. subtilis or B. licheniformis and conserved genes with sequence divergence, but paradoxically lacks several genes that function in UV or H2O2 resistance in other Bacillus species.
This study identifies several candidate genes for further research into UV and H2O2 resistance. These findings will help explain the resistance of B. pumilus and are applicable to understanding sterilization survival strategies of microbes.
芽孢杆菌的孢子对诸如紫外线辐射、γ辐射、过氧化氢、干燥、化学消毒或饥饿等不利条件具有极强的抵抗力。短小芽孢杆菌SAFR-032能在喷气推进实验室航天器组装设施的标准去污程序中存活下来，并且与其他芽孢杆菌种类相比，该菌株的孢子和营养细胞对紫外线辐射和过氧化氢均表现出更高的抗性。
对短小芽孢杆菌SAFR-032的基因组进行了测序和注释。生成了与DNA修复和氧化应激反应相关的基因列表，并与枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌进行了比较。强调了基因保守性、基因顺序和蛋白质序列的差异，因为它们可能解释了短小芽孢杆菌的极端抗性表型。短小芽孢杆菌基因组包含在枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌中未发现的基因以及具有序列差异的保守基因，但自相矛盾的是，它缺少其他芽孢杆菌种类中一些在紫外线或过氧化氢抗性方面起作用的基因。
本研究确定了几个用于进一步研究紫外线和过氧化氢抗性的候选基因。这些发现将有助于解释短小芽孢杆菌的抗性，并适用于理解微生物的灭菌存活策略。
