Isolation and characterization of a second lectin (SNA-II) present in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) bark.

A second lectin (SNA-II) has been isolated from elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) bark by affinity chromatography on immobilized asialo-glycophorin. This lectin is a blood group nonspecific glycoprotein containing 7.8% carbohydrate and which is rich in asparagine/aspartic acid, glutamine/glutamic acid, glycine, valine, and leucine. Gel filtration on Superose 12 gave a single symmetrical peak corresponding to Mr, 51,000; SDS-acrylamide electrophoresis gave a single polypeptide, Mr, 30,000. Hence SNA-II appears to be a homodimer. The lectin is a Gal/GalNAc-specific lectin which is precipitated by glycoproteins containing GalNAc-terminated oligosaccharide chains (e.g., asialo-ovine submaxillary and hog gastric mucins), and by glycoproteins and polysaccharides having multiple terminal nonreducing D-galactosyl groups as occur in asialoglycophorin, asialo-laminin and Type 14 pneumococcal polysaccharide. The carbohydrate binding specificity of SNA-II was studied by sugar hapten inhibition of the asialo-glycophorin precipitation reaction. The lectin's binding site appears to be most complementary to Gal-NAc linked alpha to the C-2, C-3, or C-6 hydroxyl group of galactose. These disaccharide units are approximately 100 times more potent than melibiose, 60 times more potent than N-acetyllactosamine, and 30 times more potent than lactose. Interestingly, the blood group A-active trisaccharide containing an L-fucosyl group linked alpha 1-2 to galactose was 10-fold poorer as an inhibitor than the parent oligosaccharide (GalNAc alpha 1-3Gal), suggesting steric hindrance to binding by the alpha-L-fucosyl group; this explains the failure of the lectin to exhibit blood group A specificity.