Gilardoni Liliana R, Paolicchi Fernando A, Mundo Silvia L
Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 2012 Jul-Sep;44(3):201-15.
Paratuberculosis (PTB), or Johne's disease, is a chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). It is characterized by diarrhea and progressive cachexia, which may cause the death of the animal. Calves are the most susceptible to infection. Infected animals excrete Map mainly by the feces. PTB is endemic worldwide, with high prevalence levels, strong economic impact and public health relevance because of its possible association with Crohn's disease. Although the current reference diagnostic test is identification of Map in the bacterial culture, there are different diagnostic tests to identify infected individuals and/or herds. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests vary according to the stage of the disease in the animals to be evaluated. The correct choice and application of each of these diagnostic tests will ensure their success and may allow to establish a control program. The aim of this work is to review and discuss the different diagnostic tests used in the detection of Map-infected animals, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages.
副结核病（PTB），即约翰氏病，是一种由副结核分枝杆菌（Map）引起的反刍动物慢性感染性肉芽肿性肠炎。其特征为腹泻和进行性恶病质，可能导致动物死亡。犊牛最易感染。感染动物主要通过粪便排出Map。副结核病在全球呈地方性流行，患病率高，因其可能与克罗恩病有关，故具有重大经济影响和公共卫生相关性。尽管目前的参考诊断测试是在细菌培养中鉴定Map，但有多种诊断测试可用于识别感染个体和/或畜群。这些测试的敏感性和特异性因待评估动物的疾病阶段而异。正确选择和应用每种诊断测试将确保其成功，并可能有助于制定控制计划。这项工作的目的是回顾和讨论用于检测Map感染动物的不同诊断测试，重点关注其优缺点。
