Stefanova Elena Plamenova, Sierra Eva, Fernández Antonio, Quesada-Canales Oscar, Paz-Sánchez Yania, Colom-Rivero Ana, Espinosa de Los Monteros Antonio, Herráez Pedro, Domínguez Lucas, Bezos Javier, Pérez-Sancho Marta, Moreno Inmaculada, Risalde María A, Andrada Marisa
Division of Animal Histology and Pathology, Veterinary School, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 31;11:1395928. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1395928. eCollection 2024.
Samples from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MS LNs) and ileocecal valves (ICV) of 105 goats, comprising 61 non-vaccinated and 44 vaccinated against subspecies (MAP), were collected at slaughter from a farm with a confirmed history of paratuberculosis (PTB). These goats had subclinical infections. PTB-compatible lesions in the MS LNs, ICV lamina propria (LP), and Peyer's patches (PPs) were graded separately. Furthermore, the load of acid-fast bacilli was quantified using Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN), MAP antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and MAP DNA by PCR targeting the IS900 sequence. Gross PTB-compatible lesions were found in 39% of the goats, with 31.72% vaccinated (V) and 68.29% non-vaccinated (nV). Histopathological lesions induced MAP were observed in 58% of the animals, with 36.07% vaccinated and 63.93% non-vaccinated. The inclusion of histopathology as a diagnostic tool led to a 28% increase in diagnosed cases in MS LNs and 86.05% in ICV. Grade IV granulomas with central mineralization and necrosis were the most common lesions in MS LNs. In the ICV, mild granulomatous enteritis with multifocal foci of epithelioid macrophages was predominant, occurring more frequently in the PPs than in the LP. Furthermore, statistical differences in the presence of histopathological lesions between vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats were noted in MS LNs, ICV LPs, and ICV PPs. Non-vaccinated animals showed higher positivity rates in ZN, IHC, and PCR tests, underscoring the benefits of anti-MAP vaccination in reducing PTB lesions and bacterial load in target organs. Our findings emphasize the necessity of integrating gross and histopathological assessments with various laboratory techniques for accurate morphological and etiological diagnosis of PTB in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats with subclinical disease. However, further studies are required to refine sampling protocols for subclinical PTB in goats to enhance the consistency of diagnostic tools.
从一个有确诊副结核病（PTB）病史的农场屠宰的105只山羊中，采集肠系膜淋巴结（MS LNs）和回盲瓣（ICV）样本，其中61只未接种疫苗，44只接种了针对亚种（MAP）的疫苗。这些山羊患有亚临床感染。对MS LNs、ICV固有层（LP）和派尔集合淋巴结（PPs）中与PTB相符的病变分别进行分级。此外，使用齐-尼氏染色（ZN）对抗酸杆菌载量进行定量，通过免疫组织化学（IHC）检测MAP抗原，通过靶向IS900序列的PCR检测MAP DNA。在39%的山羊中发现了肉眼可见的与PTB相符的病变，其中31.72%为接种疫苗的（V），68.29%为未接种疫苗的（nV）。在58%的动物中观察到由MAP引起的组织病理学病变，其中36.07%为接种疫苗的，63.93%为未接种疫苗的。将组织病理学作为诊断工具使MS LNs的确诊病例增加了28%，ICV的确诊病例增加了86.05%。IV级伴有中央矿化和坏死的肉芽肿是MS LNs中最常见的病变。在ICV中，以轻度肉芽肿性肠炎伴多灶性上皮样巨噬细胞灶为主，在PPs中比在LP中更常见。此外，在MS LNs、ICV LPs和ICV PPs中，接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的山羊在组织病理学病变的存在方面存在统计学差异。未接种疫苗的动物在ZN、IHC和PCR检测中显示出更高的阳性率，突出了抗MAP疫苗在减少PTB病变和靶器官细菌载量方面的益处。我们的研究结果强调，对于患有亚临床疾病的接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的山羊，有必要将大体和组织病理学评估与各种实验室技术相结合，以进行准确的形态学和病因学PTB诊断。然而，需要进一步研究来完善山羊亚临床PTB的采样方案，以提高诊断工具的一致性。
