Seva Juan, Sanes J Manuel, Mas Alberto, Ramis Guillermo, Sánchez Joaquín, Párraga-Ros Ester
Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Nov 27;12(23):3314. doi: 10.3390/ani12233314.
A bovine herd with a high prevalence of paratuberculosis (PTB) cohabiting with a population of pigeons was studied (2011−2020). After finding the disease in 2011, annual monitoring was performed in 2012−2014 by obtaining blood samples for ELISA and intradermal tuberculinization (IT) tests for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Positive animals were eliminated. PTB prevalence dropped from 10% to 0% but returned to similar values (9.5%) after 6 years without tests. In all animals, Ac values according to the optical density (OD) determined by ELISA increased each year and could be used to isolate herds close to the cutoff point to improve PTB control. Possible reservoirs were considered after evaluating the little success of the PTB control program, and the population of feral pigeons was studied. Specifically, 10% of the pigeon population (n = 13) was necropsied. Samples of intestine, feces, and foot skin for PCR study for MAP and samples of terminal intestine for histopathological analysis were taken. Eleven pigeons were PCR-positive against MAP, in the intestine (10/11), foot skin (3/11), and feces (1/11). The presence of MAP in pigeon feet could demonstrate its role as a mechanical disseminator of PTB, while the presence in pigeon intestine and feces could also suggest its role as a reservoir.
对一个与鸽群共同生活且副结核病（PTB）患病率较高的牛群进行了研究（2011 - 2020年）。2011年发现该病后，在2012 - 2014年进行了年度监测，通过采集血液样本进行酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）以及对副结核分枝杆菌（MAP）进行皮内结核菌素试验（IT）。对检测呈阳性的动物进行了扑杀。PTB患病率从10%降至0%，但在停止检测6年后又回升至相近水平（9.5%）。在所有动物中，根据ELISA测定的光密度（OD）得出的Ac值逐年升高，可用于识别接近临界值的牛群，以改进PTB防控。在评估PTB防控计划成效甚微后，考虑了可能的储存宿主，并对野生鸽群进行了研究。具体而言，对10%的鸽群（n = 13）进行了尸检。采集了肠道、粪便和足部皮肤样本用于MAP的聚合酶链反应（PCR）研究，并采集了末端肠道样本用于组织病理学分析。11只鸽子的肠道（10/11）、足部皮肤（3/11）和粪便（1/11）的PCR检测结果显示对MAP呈阳性。鸽子足部存在MAP可能表明其作为PTB机械传播媒介的作用，而在鸽子肠道和粪便中的存在也可能暗示其作为储存宿主的作用。
