Emerging Viruses and Inflammation Research Group, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Feb;137(2):266-82. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.007. Epub 2012 Oct 26.
Dengue virus (DV) is the most widespread arbovirus, being endemic in over 100 countries, and is estimated to cause 50 million infections annually. Viral factors, such as the genetic composition of the virus strain can play a role in determining the virus virulence and subsequent clinical disease severity. Virus vector competence plays an integral role in virus transmission and is a critical factor in determining the severity and impact of DV outbreaks. Host genetic variations in immune-related genes, including the human leukocyte antigen, have also been shown to correlate with clinical disease and thus may play a role in regulating disease severity. The host's immune system, however, appears to be the primary factor in DV pathogenesis with the delicate interplay of innate and acquired immunity playing a crucial role. Although current research of DV pathogenesis has been limited by the lack of an appropriate animal model, the development of DV therapeutics has been a primary focus of research groups around the world. In the past decade advances in both the development of vaccines and anti-virals have increased in dramatically. This review summarises the current understanding of viral, vector and host factors which contribute to dengue virus pathogenesis and how this knowledge is critically important in the development of pharmaceutical interventions.
登革热病毒（DV）是分布最广泛的虫媒病毒，在 100 多个国家流行，估计每年导致 5000 万例感染。病毒因素，如病毒株的遗传组成，可能在决定病毒毒力和随后的临床疾病严重程度方面发挥作用。病毒载体的感染力在病毒传播中起着重要作用，是决定 DV 暴发严重程度和影响的关键因素。宿主免疫相关基因（包括人类白细胞抗原）的遗传变异也与临床疾病相关，因此可能在调节疾病严重程度方面发挥作用。然而，宿主的免疫系统似乎是 DV 发病机制的主要因素，先天和获得性免疫的微妙相互作用起着至关重要的作用。尽管目前对 DV 发病机制的研究受到缺乏合适动物模型的限制，但 DV 治疗药物的开发一直是世界各地研究小组的主要关注点。在过去十年中，疫苗和抗病毒药物的发展取得了显著进展。本综述总结了导致登革热病毒发病机制的病毒、载体和宿主因素的最新认识，以及这些知识对于药物干预的开发至关重要。
