Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Nov;136(11):1451-9. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0267-RS.
Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare, often fatal, disease. Its presenting symptoms and gross morphology are similar to those of conventional urothelial carcinoma, whereas its prognosis is much poorer with frequent metastasis. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder shares similar histology with its counterparts in other organs; however, its immunoreactivity to conventional neuroendocrine markers is low. Its diagnosis is thus considered permissible on morphologic grounds alone. Multimodal treatments are often employed, although no definite treatment algorithm has been established. For this extremely aggressive malignancy with an as-yet inconclusive etiology, further studies are needed to clarify its molecular pathogenesis to serve as a basis for diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The clinical, morphologic, immunoreactive, molecular, and therapeutic features of bladder small cell carcinoma are reviewed, including a detailed discussion on the utility of immunohistochemical markers.
膀胱小细胞癌是一种罕见的、常致命的疾病。其临床表现和大体形态与普通尿路上皮癌相似，但预后较差，常发生转移。膀胱小细胞癌与其他器官的同类肿瘤具有相似的组织学特征，但对常规神经内分泌标志物的免疫反应性较低。因此，其诊断仅基于形态学依据即可。常采用多模式治疗，但尚未确立明确的治疗方案。对于这种侵袭性极强、病因尚未明确的恶性肿瘤，需要进一步研究以阐明其分子发病机制，为诊断标志物和治疗靶点提供依据。本文复习了膀胱小细胞癌的临床、形态学、免疫反应性、分子和治疗特征，包括对免疫组化标志物的实用性进行了详细讨论。
