Almine Jessica F, Wise Steven G, Weiss Anthony S
School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2012 Sep;96(3):248-57. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21016.
Skin is an important organ to the human body as it functions as an interface between the body and environment. Cutaneous injury elicits a complex wound healing process, which is an orchestration of cells, matrix components, and signaling factors that re-establishes the barrier function of skin. In adults, an unavoidable consequence of wound healing is scar formation. However, in early fetal development, wound healing is scarless. This phenomenon is characterized by an attenuated inflammatory response, differential expression of signaling factors, and regeneration of normal skin architecture. Elastin endows a range of mechanical and cell interactive properties to skin. In adult wound healing, elastin is severely lacking and only a disorganized elastic fiber network is present after scar formation. The inherent properties of elastin make it a desirable inclusion to adult wound healing. Elastin imparts recoil and resistance and induces a range of cell activities, including cell migration and proliferation, matrix synthesis, and protease production. The effects of elastin align with the hallmarks of fetal scarless wound healing. Elastin synthesis is substantial in late stage in utero and drops to a trickle in adults. The physical and cell signaling advantages of elastin in a wound healing context creates a parallel with the innate features of fetal skin that can allow for scarless healing.
皮肤是人体的重要器官,它作为身体与环境之间的界面发挥作用。皮肤损伤引发复杂的伤口愈合过程,这是细胞、基质成分和信号因子的协同作用,可重新建立皮肤的屏障功能。在成年人中,伤口愈合不可避免的后果是形成疤痕。然而,在胎儿早期发育阶段,伤口愈合是无疤痕的。这种现象的特征是炎症反应减弱、信号因子的差异表达以及正常皮肤结构的再生。弹性蛋白赋予皮肤一系列机械和细胞相互作用特性。在成人伤口愈合过程中,弹性蛋白严重缺乏,疤痕形成后仅存在杂乱无章的弹性纤维网络。弹性蛋白的固有特性使其成为成人伤口愈合中理想的添加物。弹性蛋白赋予回缩和抵抗力,并诱导一系列细胞活动,包括细胞迁移和增殖、基质合成以及蛋白酶产生。弹性蛋白的作用与胎儿无疤痕伤口愈合的特征相符。弹性蛋白合成在子宫内后期大量存在,而在成年人中则降至微量。弹性蛋白在伤口愈合环境中的物理和细胞信号优势与胎儿皮肤的固有特征形成平行关系,从而实现无疤痕愈合。
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