Andrén-Sandberg Ake
Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
N Am J Med Sci. 2012 Oct;4(10):435-41. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.101979.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignancy of the biliary tract and involves the changes in multiple oncogenes and multiple genetic genes. Since over the past decade there has been an advance in the knowledge of the genetic basis of cancer, mainly as a result of the rapid progression of molecular technology; however, conventional therapeutic approaches have not had much impact on the course of this aggressive neoplasm. Knowledge of the molecular biology of GBC is rapidly growing. Genetic alterations in GBC include adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCG8, membrane-bound enzyme ADAM-17 of multi-functional gene family, and other genes including p53, COX2, XPC, and RASSF1A. The advances in molecular biology have potential implications for the detection of this disease, using Synuclein-gamma, Syndecan-1, glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), tumor endothelial marker 8 protein (TEM8) and TNF-alpha. The use of these molecular diagnostic methods is of clinical importance for the gene replacement therapy, genetic prodrug activation therapy, and antisense immunology technology for the treatment of malignancy. The author reviewed recent publications on PubMed, and summarized molecular biology of GBC, with an emphasis on features of potential clinical implications for diagnosis and management.
胆囊癌（GBC）是胆道常见的恶性肿瘤，涉及多个癌基因和多种遗传基因的改变。在过去十年中，由于分子技术的迅速发展，癌症遗传基础的知识有了进展；然而，传统治疗方法对这种侵袭性肿瘤的病程影响不大。胆囊癌分子生物学的知识正在迅速增长。胆囊癌的基因改变包括三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体ABCG8、多功能基因家族的膜结合酶ADAM-17，以及其他基因，如p53、COX2、XPC和RASSF1A。分子生物学的进展对使用突触核蛋白γ、多配体蛋白聚糖-1、糖蛋白72（TAG-72）、肿瘤内皮标志物8蛋白（TEM8）和肿瘤坏死因子-α检测这种疾病具有潜在意义。这些分子诊断方法的应用对于基因替代疗法、基因前体药物激活疗法和用于治疗恶性肿瘤的反义免疫学技术具有临床重要性。作者回顾了PubMed上最近的出版物，并总结了胆囊癌的分子生物学，重点是对诊断和管理具有潜在临床意义的特征。
