Sale D G, MacDougall J D, Jacobs I, Garner S
Department of Physical Education, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Jan;68(1):260-70. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.260.
To assess the effects of concurrent strength (S) and endurance (E) training on S and E development, one group (4 young men and 4 young women) trained one leg for S and the other leg for S and E (S+E). A second group (4 men, 4 women) trained one leg for E and the other leg for E and S (E+S). E training consisted of five 3-min bouts on a cycle ergometer at a power output corresponding to that requiring 90-100% of oxygen uptake during maximal exercise (VO2 max). S training consisted of six sets of 15-20 repetitions with the heaviest possible weight on a leg press (combined hip and knee extension) weight machine. Training was done 3 days/wk for 22 wk. Needle biopsy samples from vastus lateralis were taken before and after training and were examined for histochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural adaptations. The nominal S and E training programs were "hybrids", having more similarities as training stimuli than differences; thus S made increases (P less than 0.05) similar to those of S+E in E-related measures of VO2max (S, S+E: 8%, 8%), repetitions with the pretraining maximal single leg press lift [1 repetition maximum (RM)] (27%, 24%), and percent of slow-twitch fibers (15%, 8%); and S made significant, although smaller, increases in repetitions with 80% 1 RM (81%, 152%) and citrate synthase (CS) activity (22%, 51%). Similarly, E increased knee extensor area [computed tomography (CT) scans] as much as E+S (14%, 21%) and made significant, although smaller, increases in leg press 1 RM (20%, 34%) and thigh girth (3.4%, 4.8%). When a presumably stronger stimulus for an adaptation was added to a weaker one, some additive effects occurred (i.e., increases in 1 RM and thigh girth that were greater in E+S than E; increases in CS activity and repetitions with 80% 1 RM that were greater in S+E than S). When a weaker, although effective, stimulus was added to a stronger one, addition generally did not occur. Concurrent S and E training did not interfere with S or E development in comparison to S or E training alone.
为评估同时进行力量（S）训练和耐力（E）训练对力量和耐力发展的影响，一组（4名年轻男性和4名年轻女性）一条腿进行力量训练，另一条腿进行力量和耐力（S+E）训练。另一组（4名男性、4名女性）一条腿进行耐力训练，另一条腿进行耐力和力量（E+S）训练。耐力训练包括在自行车测力计上进行5次3分钟的训练，功率输出对应于最大运动（最大摄氧量，VO2 max）时需要90 - 100%摄氧量的强度。力量训练包括在腿举（髋关节和膝关节伸展联合动作）器械上用尽可能重的重量进行6组15 - 20次重复。每周训练3天，共训练22周。在训练前后采集股外侧肌的针吸活检样本，检查其组织化学、生化和超微结构适应性变化。名义上的力量和耐力训练方案是“混合”的，作为训练刺激，它们之间的相似之处多于差异；因此，在与耐力相关的最大摄氧量指标方面，力量训练（S）与力量加耐力训练（S+E）的增加幅度相似（S，S+E：8%，8%），在训练前单腿最大腿举重量的重复次数[1次重复最大值（1 RM）]方面（27%，24%），以及慢肌纤维百分比方面（15%，8%）；并且在80% 1 RM的重复次数（81% , 152%）和柠檬酸合酶（CS）活性方面（22%，51%），力量训练虽增加幅度较小但有显著增加。同样，耐力训练使伸膝肌面积（计算机断层扫描，CT扫描）的增加幅度与耐力加力量训练（E+S）相同（14%，21%），并且在腿举1 RM（20%，34%）和大腿围度方面（3.4%，4.8%）虽增加幅度较小但有显著增加。当将一种可能更强的适应性刺激添加到较弱的刺激上时，会出现一些累加效应（即，在E+S组中腿举1 RM和大腿围度的增加幅度大于E组；在S+E组中CS活性和80% 1 RM重复次数的增加幅度大于S组）。当将较弱但有效的刺激添加到较强的刺激上时，一般不会出现累加情况。与单独进行力量训练或耐力训练相比，同时进行力量和耐力训练不会干扰力量或耐力的发展。
