Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Food Funct. 2013 Feb;4(2):213-21. doi: 10.1039/c2fo30154g.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with reductions in plasma lutein and zeaxanthin, along with altered composition of their lipoprotein transporters which may affect disease risk. Egg yolk intake has been demonstrated to increase plasma lutein and zeaxanthin in other populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of whole egg feeding on plasma and lipoprotein carotenoids in participants with MetS. Participants consumed 3 whole eggs per day (EGG, n = 20) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute (SUB, n = 17), as part of a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) for 12 weeks. Post-intervention, the EGG group had significant increases in plasma lutein (+21%), zeaxanthin (+48%), and β-carotene (+24%), while the SUB group had increases in plasma β-carotene (+55%) only. Significant enrichment of isolated HDL and LDL fractions in lutein (+20% HDL, +9% LDL) and zeaxanthin (+57% HDL, +46% LDL) was observed in the EGG group after 12 weeks. Increases in the proportion of plasma carotenoids carried by HDL was seen for lutein (P < 0.01), zeaxanthin (P < 0.01), β-cryptoxanthin (P < 0.05), and lycopene (P < 0.05) for all participants after the 12 week intervention. Daily intake of 3 whole eggs, as part of a CRD, increased both plasma and lipoprotein lutein and zeaxanthin. Egg yolk may represent an important food source to improve plasma carotenoid status in a population at high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
代谢综合征（MetS）与血浆叶黄素和玉米黄质的减少有关，以及脂蛋白转运蛋白的组成改变，这可能影响疾病风险。蛋黄摄入已被证明可以增加其他人群的血浆叶黄素和玉米黄质。本研究的目的是研究全蛋喂养对 MetS 患者血浆和脂蛋白类胡萝卜素的影响。参与者每天食用 3 个全蛋（EGG，n = 20）或等量的无蛋黄蛋替代品（SUB，n = 17），作为低碳水化合物饮食（CRD）的一部分，持续 12 周。干预后，EGG 组血浆叶黄素（+21%）、玉米黄质（+48%）和β-胡萝卜素（+24%）显著增加，而 SUB 组仅β-胡萝卜素（+55%）增加。在 12 周后，EGG 组分离的 HDL 和 LDL 分数中，叶黄素（HDL+20%，LDL+9%）和玉米黄质（HDL+57%，LDL+46%）显著富集。在所有参与者中，血浆类胡萝卜素与 HDL 结合的比例增加，叶黄素（P < 0.01）、玉米黄质（P < 0.01）、β-隐黄质（P < 0.05）和番茄红素（P < 0.05）。在 12 周干预后。作为 CRD 的一部分，每天摄入 3 个全蛋可增加血浆和脂蛋白叶黄素和玉米黄质。蛋黄可能是改善心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病高危人群血浆类胡萝卜素状态的重要食物来源。
