Rodríguez Julio Louro, Portela Rosa Mary de la Campa, Pardo Guadalupe Martín
University of Coruna, Spain.
Int Marit Health. 2012;63(3):117-24.
The work activity developed on board is of great importance in our nearby environment, and it has a series of peculiarities that determine the service rendering of sea workers. On the other hand, work at sea is developed on an international basis. Nowadays such work becomes a completely globalised industrial sector in relation to the elements that make up the ship's operation, including manpower. For that reason several relevant international organisations have paid attention to this industrial sector and have adopted a broad regulation on this matter. In the case of the European Union, the Community procedure emphasises enormous interest in providing specific and comprehensive training to seafarers, as well as in regulating working time on board with the aim of minimising the safety problems caused by fatigue. In the present article a schematic presentation of regulations on workers' health and occupational safety protection derived from the European Union, the International Maritime Organisation, and the International Labour Organisation has been done. Also it shows what parts of these regulations are not applicable to the work on board, and it reveals how the workers of fishing and maritime transport sectors are under-protected with regard to the guarantee of their health and occupational safety compared to workers in other sectors.
船上开展的工作活动在我们的周边环境中至关重要，并且具有一系列特性，这些特性决定了海员的服务提供情况。另一方面，海上工作是在国际范围内开展的。如今，就构成船舶运营的要素（包括人力）而言，此类工作已成为一个完全全球化的产业部门。因此，一些相关国际组织已关注到这个产业部门，并就此事项通过了广泛的规定。以欧盟为例，共同体程序高度重视为海员提供具体而全面的培训，以及规范船上工作时间，目的是将疲劳引起的安全问题降至最低。在本文中，对源自欧盟、国际海事组织和国际劳工组织的关于工人健康和职业安全保护的规定进行了简要介绍。此外，还指出了这些规定中哪些部分不适用于船上工作，并揭示了与其他部门的工人相比，渔业和海上运输部门的工人在健康和职业安全保障方面受到的保护不足。
