School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Int Nurs Rev. 2012 Dec;59(4):562-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.01013.x. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
We propose that the conceptual orientation of professional identity is a logical consequence of self-concept development by focusing on career and its meaning and presents a measurable set of concepts that can be manipulated to improve retention of student and registered nurses within health service.
Although professional identity is a term that is commonly written of in nursing literature, its theoretical origins remain unclear, and available empirical evidence of its presence or ability to change is omitted from nursing research. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: We present a professional identity pathway and explore the factors that influence professional identity throughout a career in nursing.
Nurses' professional identities develop throughout their lifetimes, from before entering nursing education, throughout their years of study and clinical experience, and continue to evolve during their careers. Education is, however, a key period as it is during this time students gain the knowledge and skills that separate nurses as professional healthcare workers from lay people.
Finally, a call for longitudinal studies of students to graduates, using conceptually derived and psychometrically proven instruments capable of detecting the subtle changes in the construct over time, is recommended. Further empirical research into the theoretical concepts that underline professional identity, and the factors that influence changes in this important construct in nursing, is required. Ultimately, the practical relevance of such research will lie in the potential it provides for enhanced nursing career support and improved workforce policies.
我们提出，职业认同的概念取向是通过关注职业及其意义来发展自我概念的必然结果，并提出了一组可衡量的概念，这些概念可以被操纵，以提高卫生服务中学生和注册护士的留用率。
尽管职业认同是护理文献中经常写到的一个术语，但它的理论起源仍不清楚，护理研究中也忽略了其存在或改变能力的现有实证证据。
我们提出了一个职业认同途径，并探讨了影响护理职业生涯中职业认同的因素。
护士的职业认同在他们的一生中发展，从进入护理教育之前，到他们的学习和临床经验年，并且在他们的职业生涯中继续发展。然而，教育是一个关键时期，因为正是在这个时候，学生获得了将护士与非专业人士区分开来的专业医疗保健工作者的知识和技能。
最后，建议对学生到毕业生进行纵向研究，使用概念上推导和心理测量上证明的能够检测到随着时间的推移结构中微妙变化的工具。需要对构成职业认同的理论概念以及影响这一重要护理结构变化的因素进行进一步的实证研究。最终，这种研究的实际意义在于它为加强护理职业支持和改进劳动力政策提供了潜力。
