Dept of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
J Phys Act Health. 2013 Sep;10(7):949-60. doi: 10.1123/jpah.10.7.949. Epub 2012 Nov 5.
Several environmental audit instruments have been developed for assessing streets, parks and trails, but none for schools. This paper introduces a school audit tool that includes 3 subcomponents: 1) street audit, 2) school site audit, and 3) map audit. It presents the conceptual basis and the development process of this instrument, and the methods and results of the reliability assessments.
Reliability tests were conducted by 2 trained auditors on 12 study schools (high-low income and urban-suburban-rural settings). Kappa statistics (categorical, factual items) and ICC (Likert-scale, perceptual items) were used to assess a) interrater, b) test-retest, and c) peak vs. off-peak hour reliability tests.
For the interrater reliability test, the average Kappa was 0.839 and the ICC was 0.602. For the test-retest reliability, the average Kappa was 0.903 and the ICC was 0.774. The peak-off peak reliability was 0.801. Rural schools showed the most consistent results in the peak-off peak and test-retest assessments. For interrater tests, urban schools showed the highest ICC, and rural schools showed the highest Kappa.
Most items achieved moderate to high levels of reliabilities in all study schools. With proper training, this audit can be used to assess school environments reliably for research, outreach, and policy-support purposes.
已经开发了几种用于评估街道、公园和步道的环境审计工具，但没有用于学校的工具。本文介绍了一种学校审计工具，包括 3 个子组件：1）街道审计，2）学校场地审计，3）地图审计。它介绍了该工具的概念基础和开发过程，以及可靠性评估的方法和结果。
两名经过培训的审核员对 12 所研究学校（高收入和低收入、城市、郊区和农村地区）进行了可靠性测试。使用 Kappa 统计量（分类、事实项目）和 ICC（李克特量表、感知项目）评估了 a）审核员之间、b）测试-重测和 c）高峰与非高峰时段的可靠性测试。
对于审核员之间的可靠性测试，平均 Kappa 值为 0.839，ICC 值为 0.602。对于测试-重测的可靠性，平均 Kappa 值为 0.903，ICC 值为 0.774。高峰-非高峰时段的可靠性为 0.801。农村学校在高峰-非高峰时段和测试-重测评估中表现出最一致的结果。对于审核员之间的测试，城市学校的 ICC 最高，农村学校的 Kappa 最高。
在所有研究学校中，大多数项目在所有研究学校中都达到了中等至高水平的可靠性。经过适当的培训，此审核可用于可靠地评估学校环境，以用于研究、推广和政策支持目的。
