Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
School of Surveying, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 25;17(7):2194. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072194.
School neighbourhood built environments (SN-BE) can influence adolescents' active transport to school habits. Typically, SN-BE assessment has involved micro-scale (i.e., environmental audits) or macro-scale (Geographic Information Systems (GIS)) assessment tools. However, existing environmental audits are time/resource-intensive and not specific to school neighbourhoods, while GIS databases are not generally purposed to include micro-scale data. This study evaluated the inter-rater reliability and feasibility of using a modified audit tool and protocol (Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes Global-School Neighbourhood (MAPS Global-SN)) to assess the SN-BE of twelve secondary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Correlations between MAPS Global-SN and GIS measures of the SN-BE were also examined. Specifically, MAPS Global-SN audit and GIS spatial analysis (intersection density, residential density, land use mix, walkability) was conducted within a 0.5 km street-network buffer-zone around all twelve schools. Based on investigator and expert consultation, MAPS Global-SN included eight modifications to both auditing processes and items. Inter-rater reliability data was collected from two independent auditors across two schools. The feasibility of a condensed audit protocol (auditing one side of each street segment in the neighbourhood, compared to both sides) was also assessed. Results indicated the modified MAPS Global-SN tool had good to excellent inter-rater reliability and the condensed MAPS Global-SN audit protocol appeared to sufficiently represent the micro-scale SN-BE. Results also highlighted the complementary nature of micro- and macro-scale assessments. Further recommendations for SN-BE assessment are discussed.
学校邻里建成环境（SN-BE）可以影响青少年主动上学的习惯。通常，SN-BE 评估涉及微观尺度（即环境审计）或宏观尺度（地理信息系统（GIS））评估工具。然而，现有的环境审计既费时又费力，且不专门针对学校邻里，而 GIS 数据库通常不专门用于包含微观尺度数据。本研究评估了使用修改后的审计工具和协议（行人街道景观全球-学校邻里微观尺度审计（MAPS Global-SN））评估新西兰达尼丁 12 所中学的 SN-BE 的可靠性和可行性。还检查了 MAPS Global-SN 与 SN-BE 的 GIS 测量值之间的相关性。具体而言，在所有 12 所学校周围的 0.5 公里街道网络缓冲区中进行了 MAPS Global-SN 审计和 GIS 空间分析（交叉口密度、居住密度、土地利用混合、可步行性）。根据调查员和专家的咨询意见，MAPS Global-SN 对审计流程和项目进行了八项修改。在两所学校中，从两名独立审计员收集了可靠性数据。还评估了简化审计协议（与审计邻里中每个街道段的两侧相比，只审计一侧）的可行性。结果表明，修改后的 MAPS Global-SN 工具具有良好到优秀的可靠性，而简化的 MAPS Global-SN 审计协议似乎足以代表微观尺度的 SN-BE。结果还突出了微观和宏观评估的互补性。进一步讨论了 SN-BE 评估的建议。
