Ensminger M E, Celentano D D
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Soc Sci Med. 1990;30(4):469-77. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90349-w.
In this paper we examine whether unemployment has a differential impact on the expression of psychological distress among men and women. Based on the traditional centrality of the work role to men and the family role to women, we defined several key domains that might affect unemployed men and women differentially: family circumstances, concerns and worries about children and family; coping responses; social support and social integration; and the centrality of the work role. While the study population either were or hoped to be in the labor force and had dependent children, they varied in their marital status and whether they were the custodial parent. Using data collected in Baltimore from those who had been unemployed but had returned to work, those who had remained continuously unemployed for a year, and those who had been continuously employed, we compared the patterns of men's and women's reactions to unemployment. The important differences in psychological symptoms in this population were related to employment status, problems with parenting, financial difficulties, perceived lack of social support, hostility, and feelings about unemployment. By and large, the patterns of these relationships were similar for men and women. These findings suggest that when gender differences in psychological distress are found they may be due to differences in role configurations of men and women rather than intrinsic gender differences.
在本文中，我们研究了失业对男性和女性心理困扰表达是否有不同影响。基于工作角色对男性的传统核心地位以及家庭角色对女性的传统核心地位，我们定义了几个可能对失业男性和女性产生不同影响的关键领域：家庭状况、对子女和家庭的担忧；应对反应；社会支持和社会融入；以及工作角色的核心地位。虽然研究人群要么已就业，要么希望就业，并且有受抚养子女，但他们的婚姻状况以及是否是监护人父母存在差异。利用在巴尔的摩收集的数据，这些数据来自那些曾失业但已重返工作岗位的人、那些持续失业一年的人以及那些持续就业的人，我们比较了男性和女性对失业的反应模式。该人群中心理症状的重要差异与就业状况、育儿问题、经济困难、感知到的社会支持不足、敌意以及对失业的感受有关。总体而言，男性和女性这些关系的模式相似。这些发现表明，当发现心理困扰存在性别差异时，可能是由于男性和女性角色配置的差异，而非内在的性别差异。
