College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Jan 9;145(1):393-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.007. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
The fruits of Morus alba have been traditionally used as a tonic to enhance immune responses.
The macrophage activating constituents of Morus alba fruits were purified using various column chromatography techniques. The structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation such as 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The macrophage activating activities of isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-12 in RAW 264.7 cells. The phagocytic activity was also evaluated.
Five pyrrole alkaloids, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (1), 2-formyl-1H-pyrrole-1-butanoic acid (2), 2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-butanoic acid (3), 2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-butanoic acid (4) and Morrole A (5) were isolated from the fruits of Morus alba. Morrole A (5) is first reported in nature and other pyrrole alkaloids (1-4) are first reported from Morus species. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 3 and 4 significantly activated macrophage activity by the enhancement of nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-12 production, and the stimulation of phagocytic activity in RAW 264.7 cells.
Pyrrole alkaloids, including a new compound, were isolated from Morus alba fruits. These compounds activated macrophage activity in RAW 264.7 cells.
桑椹的果实传统上被用作补品，以增强免疫反应。
采用各种柱层析技术从桑椹果实中分离出具有巨噬细胞激活作用的成分。根据光谱数据分析（如 1D 和 2D NMR 分析）来确定分离化合物的结构。通过测量 RAW 264.7 细胞中一氧化氮、TNF-α 和 IL-12 的产生来评估分离化合物的巨噬细胞激活活性。还评估了吞噬活性。
从桑椹果实中分离得到 5 种吡咯生物碱，分别为 5-（羟甲基）-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛（1）、2-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-1-丁酸（2）、2-甲酰基-5-（羟甲基）-1H-吡咯-1-丁酸（3）、2-甲酰基-5-（甲氧基甲基）-1H-吡咯-1-丁酸（4）和 Morrole A（5）。Morrole A（5）是首次在自然界中报道的，其他吡咯生物碱（1-4）是首次从桑属植物中报道的。在分离得到的化合物中，化合物 3 和 4 能显著增强 RAW 264.7 细胞中一氧化氮、TNF-α 和 IL-12 的产生，刺激吞噬活性，从而激活巨噬细胞活性。
从桑椹果实中分离得到了吡咯生物碱，包括一种新化合物。这些化合物能激活 RAW 264.7 细胞中的巨噬细胞活性。
