Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
Med Mycol. 2013 Jul;51(5):493-8. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2012.738313. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
The natural habitat of opportunistic fungal pathogens is outside of the host; therefore, it is crucial to understand their ecology and routes of transmission. In this study, we investigated the presence of black and filamentous fungi in moist indoor environments in the city of Mersin in subtropical Turkey. In total, 177 private dwellings were screened and 893 samples obtained using cotton swabs and moistened with physiological saline from dishwashers, washing machines, refrigerators, bath-tubs, bathroom walls, and shower heads. These were then inoculated onto malt extract agar supplemented with chloramphenicol, followed by incubation at 37°C. Thirty samples (3.4%) were positive for fungi, which were then identified by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. Exophiala dermatitidis was the most common species (23), followed by E. phaeomuriformis (three), Magnusiomyces capitatus (two), and Candida parapsilosis (two). Genotype A of E. dermatitidis (14) was more prevalent than genotypes B (eight) and C (one) and E. phaeomuriformis was also represented by two genotypes. Our findings suggest that dishwashers are a major indoor niche for thermophilic black yeasts. The occurrence of the opportunistic filamentous fungus M. capitatus in dishwashers is consistent with a recent report.
机会性真菌病原体的自然栖息地在宿主之外；因此，了解它们的生态学和传播途径至关重要。在这项研究中，我们调查了土耳其亚热带城市梅尔辛的潮湿室内环境中是否存在黑真菌和丝状真菌。总共筛查了 177 所私人住宅，用蘸有生理盐水的棉签从洗碗机、洗衣机、冰箱、浴缸、浴室墙壁和淋浴喷头中获取了 893 个样本。然后将这些样本接种到添加氯霉素的麦芽提取物琼脂上，在 37°C 下孵育。有 30 个样本（3.4%）真菌检测呈阳性，然后通过测序 rDNA 内部转录间隔区进行鉴定。皮炎外瓶霉（Exophiala dermatitidis）是最常见的物种（23 株），其次是暗色外瓶霉（E. phaeomuriformis，3 株）、大孢滑霉（Magnusiomyces capitatus，2 株）和近平滑假丝酵母（Candida parapsilosis，2 株）。E. dermatitidis 的基因型 A（14 株）比基因型 B（8 株）和 C（1 株）更为常见，而 E. phaeomuriformis 也有两种基因型。我们的研究结果表明，洗碗机是嗜热黑酵母的主要室内生态位。机会性丝状真菌大孢滑霉在洗碗机中的出现与最近的一份报告一致。
