Paloušová Dita, Lengerová Martina, Volfová Pavlína, Bejdák Petr, Kocmanová Iva, Mayer Jiří, Ráčil Zdeněk
Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek. 2012 Aug;18(4):96-101.
Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are a life-threatening infectious complications in immunocompromised patients and are associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. The most common invasive mycosis in patients who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is invasive aspergilosis (IA), most frequently caused by the clinically dominant species Aspergillus fumigatus and, rarely, also by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger. In recent years, other related Aspergillus species were also reported to cause IFD, phenotypically similar to A. fumigatus and moreover, frequently exhibiting resistance towards various antifungals. For example, it is Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus viridinutans, Neosartoya fischeri, etc. Classical microbiological methods such as direct microscopy or culture are usually used for the identification of Aspergillus species. The application of PCR-based molecular techniques and monitoring of secondary metabolites production enable detection and identification of species, which are not distinguishable solely by their morphology. PCR methods are also useful for molecular strain typing of aspergilli and can reveal the genetic diversity of isolates.
侵袭性真菌病（IFD）是免疫功能低下患者危及生命的感染性并发症，与高发病率和死亡率相关。接受异基因造血干细胞移植的患者中最常见的侵袭性真菌病是侵袭性曲霉病（IA），最常见由临床上占主导地位的烟曲霉引起，少数情况下也由黄曲霉、土曲霉和黑曲霉引起。近年来，还报道了其他相关曲霉物种可引起IFD，其表型与烟曲霉相似，而且经常对各种抗真菌药物表现出耐药性。例如，土曲霉、绿褐曲霉、费氏新萨托菌等。传统的微生物学方法如直接显微镜检查或培养通常用于曲霉物种的鉴定。基于PCR的分子技术的应用以及次生代谢产物产生的监测能够检测和鉴定仅靠形态无法区分的物种。PCR方法也有助于曲霉的分子菌株分型，并可揭示分离株的遗传多样性。
