Tisseuil Clement, Cornu Jean-François, Beauchard Olivier, Brosse Sebastien, Darwall William, Holland Robert, Hugueny Bernard, Tedesco Pablo A, Oberdorff Thierry
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, UMR BOREA-IRD 207/CNRS 7208/MNHN/UPMC, Paris, France.
J Anim Ecol. 2013 Mar;82(2):365-76. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12018. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
Whereas global patterns and predictors of species diversity are well known for numerous terrestrial taxa, our understanding of freshwater diversity patterns and their predictors is much more limited. Here, we examine spatial concordance in global diversity patterns for five freshwater taxa (i.e. aquatic mammals, aquatic birds, fishes, crayfish and aquatic amphibians) and investigate the environmental factors driving these patterns at the river drainage basin grain. We find that species richness and endemism patterns are significantly correlated among taxa. We also show that cross-taxon congruence patterns are often induced by common responses of taxa to their contemporary and historical environments (i.e. convergent patterns). Apart from some taxa distinctiveness (i.e. fishes), the 'climate/productivity' hypothesis is found to explain the greatest variance in species richness and endemism patterns, followed by factors related to the 'history/dispersion' and 'area/environmental heterogeneity' hypotheses. As aquatic amphibians display the highest levels of congruency with other taxa, this taxon appears to be a good 'surrogate' candidate for developing global freshwater conservation planning at the river drainage basin grain.
尽管众多陆地生物类群的全球物种多样性模式和预测因素已为人熟知，但我们对淡水生物多样性模式及其预测因素的了解却极为有限。在此，我们研究了五种淡水生物类群（即水生哺乳动物、水鸟、鱼类、小龙虾和水栖两栖动物）全球多样性模式的空间一致性，并在河流流域尺度上探究驱动这些模式的环境因素。我们发现，不同生物类群之间的物种丰富度和特有性模式显著相关。我们还表明，跨生物类群的一致性模式通常是由生物类群对其当代和历史环境的共同响应（即趋同模式）所导致的。除了某些生物类群的独特性（如鱼类）外，“气候/生产力”假说被发现能够解释物种丰富度和特有性模式中最大的方差，其次是与“历史/扩散”和“面积/环境异质性”假说相关的因素。由于水栖两栖动物与其他生物类群表现出最高程度的一致性，因此该生物类群似乎是在河流流域尺度上制定全球淡水保护规划的一个很好的“替代”候选者。
