Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
J Sci Food Agric. 2013 Feb;93(3):661-6. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5917. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
Sweet and horse chestnut fruit contain carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, vitamins, glycosides and coumarin. The lipids are rich in biologically active substances as fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols. The fruit has been used as food, and for medicinal purposes to treat inflammatory and vascular problems.
The fruits of sweet and horse chestnut contain 20 and 81 g kg(-1) glyceride oil respectively. The content of phospholipids in the oils was 49 and 3 g kg(-1). Sterols were found to be 8 and 12 g kg(-1). In the tocopherol fraction (1920 and 627 mg kg(-1)) γ-tocopherol predominated in the sweet chestnut oil (927 g kg(-1)); γ-tocopherol (591 g kg(-1)) and α-tocopherol (402 g kg(-1)) in horse chestnut oil. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids predominated in the triacylglycerols. Higher quantities of palmitic and oleic acids were established in the phospholipids and sterol esters.
The fruits of horse and sweet chestnut have a close lipid composition. The oils are rich in essential fatty acids, such as linoleic and linolenic, as well as biologically active substances: phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols. This fact determines the good food value of sweet chestnut fruit and the possibilities for use of horse chestnuts in pharmacy and for technical purposes.
甜栗和马栗的果实含有碳水化合物、纤维、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、糖苷和香豆素。脂肪富含生物活性物质，如脂肪酸、磷脂、固醇和生育酚。这些果实既被用作食物，也被用于治疗炎症和血管问题的药物。
甜栗和马栗的果实分别含有 20 和 81 g kg(-1)的甘油酯油。油中的磷脂含量分别为 49 和 3 g kg(-1)。固醇含量分别为 8 和 12 g kg(-1)。在生育酚馏分（1920 和 627 mg kg(-1)）中，γ-生育酚在甜栗油中占优势（927 g kg(-1)）；在马栗油中，γ-生育酚（591 g kg(-1)）和α-生育酚（402 g kg(-1)）占优势。在三酰基甘油中，棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸占优势。在磷脂和固醇酯中，发现了更高量的棕榈酸和油酸。
马栗和甜栗的果实具有相似的脂质组成。这些油富含必需脂肪酸，如亚油酸和亚麻酸，以及生物活性物质：磷脂、固醇和生育酚。这一事实决定了甜栗果实具有良好的营养价值，以及马栗在制药和技术方面的应用潜力。
