Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición Spain.
Front Physiol. 2012 Nov 22;3:436. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00436. eCollection 2012.
Epidemiological studies in humans and controlled intervention studies in animals have shown that nutritional programming in early periods of life is a phenomenon that affects metabolic and physiological functions throughout life. The phenotypes of health or disease are hence the result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, starting right from conception. In this sense, gestation and lactation are disclosed as critical periods. Continuous food restriction during these stages may lead to permanent adaptations with lasting effects on the metabolism of the offspring and may influence the propensity to develop different chronic diseases associated with obesity. However, the different outcomes of these adaptations on later health may depend on factors such as the type, duration, period, and severity of the exposure to energy restriction conditions, and they are, in part, gender specific. A better understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in metabolic programming, and their effects, may contribute significantly to the prevention of obesity, which is considered to be one of the major health concerns of our time. Here, the different outcomes of maternal food restriction during gestation and lactation in the metabolic health of offspring, as well as potential mechanisms underlying these effects are reviewed.
流行病学研究在人类和动物的对照干预研究中表明,生命早期的营养编程是一种影响终生代谢和生理功能的现象。因此,健康或疾病的表型是遗传和环境因素相互作用的结果,从受孕开始。从这个意义上说,妊娠和哺乳期被揭示为关键时期。在这些阶段持续的食物限制可能导致对后代代谢的永久性适应,并可能影响发展与肥胖相关的不同慢性疾病的倾向。然而,这些适应对以后健康的不同结果可能取决于暴露于能量限制条件的类型、持续时间、时期和严重程度等因素,并且在一定程度上具有性别特异性。更好地了解代谢编程中涉及的因素和机制及其影响,可能会对预防肥胖做出重大贡献,肥胖被认为是我们这个时代的主要健康问题之一。在这里,我们综述了母体在妊娠和哺乳期限制食物对后代代谢健康的不同影响,以及这些影响的潜在机制。