Wyer R S, Budesheim T L, Lambert A J
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign 61820.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Feb;58(2):218-38. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.58.2.218.
Ss listened to a man and woman discuss the behaviors of a third, target person. First, however, they received handwritten sets of trait adjectives that each speaker had ostensibly used to describe the target before engaging in the conversation. Ss with the objective of forming an impression of the target person had better recall of behaviors if they were evaluatively inconsistent with the female speaker's trait description of the target. However, the behaviors' consistency with the male speaker's description of the target had little influence. When Ss listened to the conversation with instructions to infer each speaker's impression of the target, they typically had better recall of behaviors that were inconsistent with trait descriptions provided by the particular speaker who mentioned them. When they were told to form impressions of the speakers themselves, however, Ss had generally better recall of the behaviors mentioned by a given speaker when they were inconsistent with the trait description provided by the other speaker. Existing models of person memory and judgment could not account a priori for either these results or for judgments of the target and speakers.
受试者听取了一名男性和一名女性讨论第三方目标人物的行为。然而，首先，他们收到了手写的特质形容词集，每个说话者在进行对话之前表面上都用这些形容词来描述目标人物。旨在形成对目标人物印象的受试者，如果行为与女性说话者对目标人物的特质描述在评价上不一致，那么他们对行为的回忆会更好。然而，行为与男性说话者对目标人物的描述的一致性影响很小。当受试者听取对话并被要求推断每个说话者对目标人物的印象时，他们通常对与提及这些行为的特定说话者提供的特质描述不一致的行为有更好的回忆。然而，当他们被告知要形成对说话者本人的印象时，受试者通常对某个特定说话者提到的行为有更好的回忆，前提是这些行为与另一个说话者提供的特质描述不一致。现有的人物记忆和判断模型无法先验地解释这些结果或对目标人物和说话者的判断。
