Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey.
World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Nov 28;18(44):6452-60; discussion p. 6459. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i44.6452.
To investigate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in an experimental rat model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis.
Thirty-two Wistar albino female rats were categorized into five groups. On the first day of the study, 50 mg TNBS was administered via a rectal catheter in order to induce colitis in all rats, except those in the control group. For 14 d, the rats were fed a standard diet, without the administration of any additional supplements to either the control or TNBS groups, in addition to 1 mg/kg per day S. boulardii to the S. boulardii group, 1 mg/kg per day methyl prednisolone (MP) to the MP group. The animals in the S. boulardii + MP group were coadministered these doses of S. boulardii and MP. During the study, weight loss, stool consistency, and the presence of obvious blood in the stool were evaluated, and the disease activity index (DAI) for colitis was recorded. The intestines were examined and colitis was macro- and microscopically scored. The serum and tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined, and fungemia was evaluated in the blood samples.
The mean DAI scores for the MP and S. boulardii + MP groups was significantly lower than the TNBS group (3.69 ± 0.61 vs 4.46 ± 0.34, P = 0.018 and 3.77 ± 0.73 vs 4.46 ± 0.34, P = 0.025, respectively). While no significant differences between the TNBS and the S. boulardii or MP groups could be determined in terms of serum NO levels, the level of serum NO in the S. boulardii + MP group was significantly higher than in the TNBS and S. boulardii groups (8.12 ± 4.25 μmol/L vs 3.18 ± 1.19 μmol/L, P = 0.013; 8.12 ± 4.25 μmol/L vs 3.47 ± 1.66 μmol/L, P = 0.012, respectively). The tissue NO levels in the S. boulardii, MP and S. boulardii + MP groups were significantly lower than the TNBS group (16.62 ± 2.27 μmol/L vs 29.72 ± 6.10 μmol/L, P = 0.002; 14.66 ± 5.18 μmol/L vs 29.72 ± 6.10 μmol/L, P = 0.003; 11.95 ± 2.34 μmol/L vs 29.72 ± 6.10 μmol/L, P = 0.002, respectively). The tissue NO levels in the S. boulardii, MP and S. boulardii + MP groups were similar. The mean serum and tissue TNF-α levels were determined to be 12.97 ± 18.90 pg/mL and 21.75 ± 15.04 pg/mL in the control group, 18.25 ± 15.44 pg/mL and 25.27 ± 11.95 pg/mL in the TNBS group, 20.59 ± 16.15 pg/mL and 24.39 ± 13.06 pg/mL in the S. boulardii group, 9.05 ± 5.13 pg/mL and 24.46 ± 10.85 pg/mL in the MP group, and 13.95 ± 10.17 pg/mL and 24.26 ± 10.37 pg/mL in the S. boulardii + MP group. Significant differences in terms of the levels of serum and tissue TNF-α and the macroscopic and microscopic scores were not found between the groups. S. boulardii fungemia was not observed in any of the rats. However, Candida fungemia was detected in one rat (14%) in the TNBS group, two rats (28%) in the S. boulardii group, three rats (50%) in the MP group, and three rats (42%) in S. boulardii + MP group.
S. boulardii does not demonstrate considerable effects on the DAI, pathological scores, or cytokine levels but does decrease the tissue NO levels.
研究布拉氏酵母菌（Saccharomyces boulardii）在三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）诱导的结肠炎实验大鼠模型中的作用。
将 32 只 Wistar 白化雌性大鼠分为五组。在研究的第一天，通过直肠导管给予所有大鼠 50mgTNBS，以诱导除对照组外所有大鼠的结肠炎。在 14 天内，对照组和 TNBS 组大鼠给予标准饮食，不给予任何额外的补充剂，S. boulardii 组给予 1mg/kg/天的 S. boulardii，MP 组给予 1mg/kg/天的甲基泼尼松龙（MP）。S. boulardii + MP 组同时给予这两种剂量的 S. boulardii 和 MP。在研究过程中，评估体重减轻、粪便稠度和粪便中是否有明显血液，并记录结肠炎疾病活动指数（DAI）。检查肠道并对结肠炎进行宏观和微观评分。测定血清和组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和一氧化氮（NO）的水平，并评估血液样本中的真菌血症。
MP 组和 S. boulardii + MP 组的平均 DAI 评分明显低于 TNBS 组（3.69±0.61 与 4.46±0.34，P=0.018 和 3.77±0.73 与 4.46±0.34，P=0.025）。虽然血清 NO 水平在 TNBS 组和 S. boulardii 组或 MP 组之间没有显著差异，但 S. boulardii + MP 组的血清 NO 水平明显高于 TNBS 组和 S. boulardii 组（8.12±4.25μmol/L 与 3.18±1.19μmol/L，P=0.013；8.12±4.25μmol/L 与 3.47±1.66μmol/L，P=0.012）。S. boulardii、MP 和 S. boulardii + MP 组的组织 NO 水平明显低于 TNBS 组（16.62±2.27μmol/L 与 29.72±6.10μmol/L，P=0.002；14.66±5.18μmol/L 与 29.72±6.10μmol/L，P=0.003；11.95±2.34μmol/L 与 29.72±6.10μmol/L，P=0.002）。S. boulardii、MP 和 S. boulardii + MP 组的组织 NO 水平相似。对照组血清和组织 TNF-α 水平分别为 12.97±18.90pg/mL 和 21.75±15.04pg/mL，TNBS 组分别为 18.25±15.44pg/mL 和 25.27±11.95pg/mL，S. boulardii 组分别为 20.59±16.15pg/mL 和 24.39±13.06pg/mL，MP 组分别为 9.05±5.13pg/mL 和 24.46±10.85pg/mL，S. boulardii + MP 组分别为 13.95±10.17pg/mL 和 24.26±10.37pg/mL。各组之间血清和组织 TNF-α水平以及宏观和微观评分无显著差异。未在任何大鼠中观察到 S. boulardii 真菌血症。然而，在 TNBS 组中检测到一只大鼠（14%）、S. boulardii 组中两只大鼠（28%）、MP 组中三只大鼠（50%）和 S. boulardii + MP 组中三只大鼠（42%）出现假丝酵母菌血症。
S. boulardii 对 DAI、病理评分或细胞因子水平没有显著影响，但可以降低组织 NO 水平。
