饮食习惯模式与老年澳大利亚人心理困扰：地中海饮食的益处并不仅限于此。

Patterns of dietary intake and psychological distress in older Australians: benefits not just from a Mediterranean diet.

机构信息

Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.

出版信息

Int Psychogeriatr. 2013 Mar;25(3):456-66. doi: 10.1017/S1041610212001986. Epub 2012 Dec 3.

DOI:10.1017/S1041610212001986

PMID:23199436

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Anxiety and depression contribute to morbidity in elderly adults and may be associated with diet. We investigated the association between diet and psychological distress as a marker for depression.

METHODS

Dietary patterns were defined by factor analysis or the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS); depression and anxiety were assessed 12 years later. A total of 8,660 generally healthy men and women born in Australia and aged 50-69 years from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study were included. At baseline (1990-1994), diet (food frequency questionnaire), education, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) - Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage, medication use, social engagement, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and health conditions were assessed; at follow-up (2003-2007), psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between diet and a K10 score ≥20, indicative of psychological distress.

RESULTS

The MDS was inversely associated with psychological distress, with the odds ratio in the top-scoring group relative to the lowest scoring group being 0.72 (95% confidence interval = 0.54-0.95). Stronger adherence to a traditional Australian-style eating pattern was also associated with a lower K10 score at follow-up, with the odds ratio for having a K10 score indicative of psychological distress for the top 20% of adherence to this pattern relative to the lowest being 0.61 (95% confidence interval = 0.40-0.91).

CONCLUSIONS

A Mediterranean-style diet was associated with less psychological distress, possibly through provision of a healthy nutrient profile. The Australian dietary pattern, which included some foods high in fat and sugar content along with whole foods, also showed a weak inverse association. Adherence to this pattern may reflect a feeling of belonging to the community associated with less psychological distress.

摘要

背景

焦虑和抑郁会导致老年人的发病率增加，并且可能与饮食有关。我们研究了饮食与心理困扰之间的关系，后者可作为抑郁的标志物。

方法

采用因子分析或地中海饮食评分（MDS）来定义饮食模式；12 年后评估抑郁和焦虑情况。总共纳入了 8660 名来自澳大利亚墨尔本协作队列研究、年龄在 50-69 岁之间、一般健康的男性和女性。在基线（1990-1994 年）时评估了饮食（食物频率问卷）、教育程度、社会经济区域指数（SEIFA）-相对社会经济劣势指数、药物使用、社会参与度、身体活动、吸烟状况、饮酒情况和健康状况；在随访（2003-2007 年）时使用 Kessler 心理困扰量表（K10）评估心理困扰情况。采用逻辑回归来确定饮食与 K10 评分≥20（表示心理困扰）之间的关联。

结果

MDS 与心理困扰呈负相关，评分最高组相对于最低组的比值比为 0.72（95%置信区间=0.54-0.95）。更严格地遵循传统澳大利亚式饮食模式也与随访时的 K10 评分较低相关，对这种模式的最高 20%的依从性相对于最低依从性，K10 评分表示心理困扰的比值比为 0.61（95%置信区间=0.40-0.91）。