Nguyen Binh, Ding Ding, Mihrshahi Seema
Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 15;7(3):e014201. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014201.
Growing evidence suggests a link between diet and mental health. This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the prevalence and incidence of psychological distress in middle-aged and older Australians.
Cross-sectional and prospective.
New South Wales, Australia.
A sample of 60 404 adults aged ≥45 years completed baseline (2006-2008) and follow-up (2010) questionnaires. Psychological distress was assessed at baseline and follow-up using the validated Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a 10-item questionnaire measuring general anxiety and depression. Psychological distress was defined as the presence of high-to-very high levels of distress (K10 score ≥22). Usual fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using short validated questions. The association between baseline fruit and vegetable consumption and the prevalence or incidence of psychological distress was examined using logistic regression models.
At baseline, 5.6% reported psychological distress. After a mean 2.7 years of follow-up, 4.0% of those who did not report distress at baseline reported distress at follow-up. Baseline fruit and vegetable consumption considered separately or combined, was associated with a lower prevalence of psychological distress even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors. Baseline fruit and vegetable consumption, measured separately or combined, was associated with a lower incidence of psychological distress in minimally adjusted models. Most of these associations remained significant at medium levels of intake but were no longer significant at the highest intake levels in fully adjusted models.
Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption may help reduce psychological distress in middle-aged and older adults. However, the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with the incidence of psychological distress requires further investigation, including the possibility of a threshold effect between medium and higher consumption levels.
越来越多的证据表明饮食与心理健康之间存在联系。本研究旨在调查澳大利亚中老年人水果和蔬菜摄入量与心理困扰的患病率及发病率之间的关联。
横断面研究和前瞻性研究。
澳大利亚新南威尔士州。
60404名年龄≥45岁的成年人样本完成了基线（2006 - 2008年）和随访（2010年）问卷。在基线和随访时使用经过验证的凯斯勒心理困扰量表（K10）评估心理困扰，这是一份测量一般焦虑和抑郁的10项问卷。心理困扰被定义为存在高度至极高度的困扰（K10得分≥22）。通过简短的经过验证的问题评估日常水果和蔬菜摄入量。使用逻辑回归模型检查基线水果和蔬菜摄入量与心理困扰的患病率或发病率之间的关联。
在基线时，5.6%的人报告有心理困扰。经过平均2.7年的随访，基线时未报告有困扰的人中有4.0%在随访时报告有困扰。即使在调整了社会人口学特征和生活方式风险因素后，单独或综合考虑的基线水果和蔬菜摄入量与较低的心理困扰患病率相关。在最小调整模型中，单独或综合测量的基线水果和蔬菜摄入量与较低的心理困扰发病率相关。在中等摄入量水平时，这些关联大多仍然显著，但在完全调整模型中，在最高摄入量水平时不再显著。
增加水果和蔬菜摄入量可能有助于减少中老年人的心理困扰。然而，水果和蔬菜摄入量与心理困扰发病率之间的关联需要进一步研究，包括中等摄入量和较高摄入量水平之间可能存在阈值效应的可能性。
