1Department of Primary Care and Population Health,University College London,Royal Free Campus,Rowland Hill Street,London NW3 2PF,UK.
2Voluntary Health Association of Goa,Panaji,Goa,India.
Public Health Nutr. 2014 Jul;17(7):1538-46. doi: 10.1017/S136898001300147X. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
Psychological distress, defined as symptoms of depression and anxiety, is an increasingly important public health issue in developing countries. Little is known about the extent to which adverse dietary factors are associated with psychological distress in South Asians. Our aim was to compare the associations of diet and psychological distress in men and women in Goa, India.
Cross-sectional study of consecutive attendees in nine urban and rural general practices in Goa, India in 2004-2005. All participants completed an FFQ on their dietary intake in a typical week. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a WHO-validated screening instrument.
Consecutive attendees (n 1512; 601 men and 911 women) aged 30 to 75 years participated. Moderate and high scores of psychological distress were detected in significantly more women than men (eighty-eight men v. 264 women, unadjusted OR = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·52). Those who ate one or more portions of fish weekly had nearly half the prevalence of distress in both sexes (women, OR = 0·52; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·91; men, OR = 0·50; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·99) and this was independent of age, marital status, education, income, religion and living alone.
Psychological distress is significantly lower with fish intake in both sexes. Further longitudinal work is needed to establish temporal relationships. Addressing psychological distress is becoming an increasingly significant public health priority in both high- and low-income countries.
心理困扰，即抑郁和焦虑的症状，是发展中国家日益重要的公共卫生问题。人们对不良饮食因素与南亚人心理困扰之间的关联程度知之甚少。我们的目的是比较印度果阿城乡九家综合诊所连续就诊者中男性和女性的饮食与心理困扰之间的关联。
2004-2005 年，在印度果阿城乡九家综合诊所对连续就诊者进行横断面研究。所有参与者均完成了一份关于典型周内饮食摄入的 FFQ。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）验证的筛查工具 Kessler 心理困扰量表（K10）来测量心理困扰。
共纳入 1512 名连续就诊者（30-75 岁，601 名男性和 911 名女性）。与男性相比，女性出现中度和高度心理困扰的比例明显更高（88 名男性对比 264 名女性，未调整 OR = 0·39；95 % CI 0·29，0·52）。每周食用一份或多份鱼的人群中，无论男女，其心理困扰的患病率均接近减半（女性，OR = 0·52；95 % CI 0·29，0·91；男性，OR = 0·50；95 % CI 0·25，0·99），这与年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入、宗教信仰和独居状态无关。
无论男女，摄入鱼类均与心理困扰降低显著相关。需要进一步开展纵向研究以确定时间关系。在高收入和低收入国家，解决心理困扰问题正成为一项日益重要的公共卫生重点。
