Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2012 Dec;22(6):553-61. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
Patterning during organogenesis is fundamentally realized through the interpretation of morphogen gradients by particular types of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, as quantitative studies have reported, spatial profiles of morphogen gradients include intra-embryo and inter-embryo variability, which could lead to errors in spatial recognition by cells and variations in patterning. By mathematically modeling the processes of generation and readout of spatial information - information encoding and decoding, by an analogy to computer communication - and maximizing the reproducibility of patterning against noise, the general designs of gradient profiles and their interpretation have been clarified. Furthermore, over the past few years, basic studies on patterning in more dynamic situations, that is, patterning in growing tissues with time-variant gradients, have been initiated. Here we provide an overview of patterning studies, pattern generating GRNs, concepts of information coding design for robust patterning, and patterning in growing tissues.
器官发生过程中的模式形成主要是通过特定类型的基因调控网络（GRN）对形态发生梯度的解释来实现的。然而，正如定量研究报告的那样，形态发生梯度的空间分布包括胚胎内和胚胎间的可变性，这可能导致细胞在空间识别中出现错误，并导致模式形成的变化。通过将空间信息的生成和读取过程进行数学建模——类比于计算机通信中的信息编码和解码——并最大限度地提高针对噪声的模式形成的可重复性，可以阐明梯度分布的一般设计及其解释。此外，在过去的几年中，针对更动态情况的模式形成的基础研究已经启动，即具有时变梯度的生长组织中的模式形成。在这里，我们提供了一个关于模式形成研究、模式生成 GRN、稳健模式形成的信息编码设计概念以及生长组织中的模式形成的概述。
