Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital avenue Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Thorac Surg Clin. 2013 Feb;23(1):25-42, v-vi. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2012.10.004.
Benign pleural effusions are twice as common as malignant effusions and have diverse causes and manifestations, which often makes them a diagnostic challenge. Differentiating effusions as a transudate or exudate is the first, and often helpful, step in directing investigations for diagnosis and management. Congestive heart failure and hepatic hydrothorax are the commonest causes for a transudative effusion. Commonly exudative effusions are caused by infections or may be secondary to pulmonary embolism, drugs, collagen vascular diseases, or may follow cardiac surgery. This article gives an overview of the causes and management of common benign pleural effusions.
良性胸腔积液的发生率是恶性胸腔积液的两倍，其病因和临床表现多种多样，这常常使它们成为诊断上的挑战。将胸腔积液分为漏出液或渗出液是诊断和管理中首先进行的、通常也是很有帮助的步骤。充血性心力衰竭和肝性胸水是漏出液最常见的原因。常见的渗出液是由感染引起的，也可能继发于肺栓塞、药物、胶原血管疾病，或可能在心外科手术后发生。本文概述了常见良性胸腔积液的病因和处理方法。
