School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050977. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
We assessed the suitability of six applied tests of cognitive functioning to provide a single marker for dose-related alcohol intoxication. Numerous studies have demonstrated that alcohol has a deleterious effect on specific areas of cognitive processing but few have compared the effects of alcohol across a wide range of different cognitive processes. Adult participants (N = 56, 32 males, 24 females aged 18-45 years) were randomized to control or alcohol treatments within a mixed design experiment involving multiple-dosages at approximately one hour intervals (attained mean blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.00, 0.048, 0.082 and 0.10%), employing a battery of six psychometric tests; the Useful Field of View test (UFOV; processing speed together with directed attention); the Self-Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT; working memory); Inspection Time (IT; speed of processing independent from motor responding); the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP; strategic optimization); the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART; vigilance, response inhibition and psychomotor function); and the Trail-Making Test (TMT; cognitive flexibility and psychomotor function). Results demonstrated that impairment is not uniform across different domains of cognitive processing and that both the size of the alcohol effect and the magnitude of effect change across different dose levels are quantitatively different for different cognitive processes. Only IT met the criteria for a marker for wide-spread application: reliable dose-related decline in a basic process as a function of rising BAC level and easy to use non-invasive task properties.
我们评估了六种应用认知功能测试，以提供一种与剂量相关的酒精中毒的单一标志物。许多研究表明，酒精对特定的认知处理领域有有害影响，但很少有研究比较酒精在广泛的不同认知过程中的影响。在一项涉及多剂量、大约一小时间隔（达到平均血液酒精浓度（BAC）为 0.00、0.048、0.082 和 0.10%）的混合设计实验中，成年参与者（N=56，32 名男性，24 名女性，年龄 18-45 岁）被随机分配到对照组或酒精处理组，采用了一整套六种心理测试；有用视野测试（UFOV；处理速度和定向注意力）；自我定向指认任务（SOPT；工作记忆）；检查时间（IT；独立于运动反应的加工速度）；旅行商问题（TSP；战略优化）；持续注意力反应任务（SART；警觉、反应抑制和心理运动功能）和连线测试（TMT；认知灵活性和心理运动功能）。结果表明，损伤在不同的认知处理领域并不均匀，酒精效应的大小和在不同剂量水平上的效应变化幅度在不同的认知过程中也是定量不同的。只有 IT 满足广泛应用的标志物标准：随着 BAC 水平的升高，基本过程的可靠剂量相关下降，以及易于使用的非侵入性任务特性。
