Laboratorio di Protozoologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2013 Feb;90(7):2115-22. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.005. Epub 2012 Dec 1.
Studies by researchers worldwide have revealed that, even in industrialised nations, people, infants and the aged in particular, are even more exposed to neurotoxic drugs as a consequence of the increased quantity of pesticide residues in food. This phenomenon, as underlined by The Worldwatch Institute (2006), is linked to the exponential increase in the use of these toxic compounds over the last 40 years, up from 0.49 kg per hectare in 1961 to 2 kg in 2004, with the result that these substances are found in the daily diet. Many studies have demonstrated how the assumption of pesticides in the neonatal period and early infancy can alter the development and function of the nervous, immune, endocrine and reproductive apparatuses. Moreover, the unequivocal relationship between brain tumours, infant leukemia and pesticides are well recognised. On the basis of the above information, the effects of the neurotoxic thionophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) have been tested, considering biomarkers of toxicity and toxicity endpoint, on the biological models Dictyostelium discoideum, Paracentrotus lividus, and NTera2 Cells, as they are compatible with the 3Rs strategy (Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement in animal experiments). Our results have revealed that developing organisms are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of CPF.
世界各地的研究人员的研究表明，即使在工业化国家，由于食物中农药残留量的增加，人们、婴儿和老年人尤其更容易接触到神经毒性药物。正如世界观察研究所（2006 年）所强调的那样，这种现象与过去 40 年来这些有毒化合物使用量的指数增长有关，从 1961 年的每公顷 0.49 公斤增加到 2004 年的 2 公斤，结果这些物质出现在日常饮食中。许多研究已经证明了在新生儿期和婴儿早期摄入农药如何改变神经、免疫、内分泌和生殖器官的发育和功能。此外，脑瘤、婴儿白血病和农药之间的明确关系是公认的。基于上述信息，已经测试了神经毒性硫代磷酸酯农药毒死蜱（CPF）的作用，考虑了毒性和毒性终点的生物标志物，在生物模型 D.discoideum、P.lividus 和 N.Tera2 细胞上，因为它们与 3Rs 策略（动物实验中的减少、替代和改进）兼容。我们的结果表明，发育中的生物体对 CPF 的毒性作用特别敏感。
