Symposium on intensive care: 3. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit.

Bleeding from hemorrhagic erosions in the stomach or duodenum of seriously ill patients is associated with a high mortality. While the pathogenesis of such lesions is by no means certain, it is known that they are universal after shock, sepsis or severe burns. Fiberoptic endoscopy has become the most valuable means of diagnosis. This should be preceded by gastric irrigaiton, which usually sufficies to control bleeding caused by acetylsalicylic acid or alcohol, or both. Neutralization of gastric acidity is essential. The histamine HI-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, was used in 27 patients with erosive gastritis, and bleeding ceased in 24. There is a prospect that sugh agents will obviate the necessity of total gastrectomy in the occasional resistant cases in favour of conservative surgery.