Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2013 Jan;27(1):54-61. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12016.
Preterm births (PTB) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births are distinct but related pregnancy outcomes, with differing aetiologies and short and long-term morbidities. Few studies have compared a broad array of predictors among these two outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare risk factors for PTB and SGA births using a national sample of Canadian women.
We analysed data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (n = 6421). Mothers were ≥ 15 years of age, gave birth to a singleton infant and were living with their infant at the time of the interview (between 5 and 14 months post-partum). Backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for each outcome.
Risk profiles for the two outcomes had both differences and similarities. Risk factors specific to PTB were education less than high school, having a previous medical condition, developing a new medical condition or health problem during pregnancy, being a primigravida, or being a multigravida with a previous PTB or a previous miscarriage or abortion. Risk factors unique to SGA were low pre-pregnancy body mass index (<18 kg/m(2) ), smoking during pregnancy and being a recent immigrant. Risk factors for both outcomes included low weight gain during pregnancy (<9.1 kg), short stature (<155 cm) and reporting life as 'very stressful' in the year prior to birth of the baby.
A greater understanding of the risk factors related to PTB and SGA may help to reduce the prevalence of these conditions and the associated risk of infant mortality and morbidity.
早产（PTB）和小于胎龄儿（SGA）是两种不同但相关的妊娠结局，具有不同的病因和短期及长期的发病率。很少有研究比较这两种结局的广泛预测因素。本研究的目的是使用加拿大女性的全国样本比较 PTB 和 SGA 出生的危险因素。
我们分析了加拿大母婴经历调查（n=6421）的数据。母亲年龄≥15 岁，分娩单胎婴儿，在访谈时（产后 5-14 个月）与婴儿同住。对每个结局采用逐步向后多变量逻辑回归模型进行分析。
两种结局的风险特征既有差异也有相似之处。PTB 的特定危险因素为教育程度低于高中、有既往疾病、在妊娠期间出现新的疾病或健康问题、初产妇或既往有 PTB、既往流产或堕胎的多产妇。SGA 的特有危险因素为低孕前体重指数（<18 kg/m2）、妊娠期间吸烟和近期移民。与两种结局相关的危险因素包括妊娠期间体重增加不足（<9.1kg）、身材矮小（<155cm）和在婴儿出生前一年报告生活“非常紧张”。
更好地了解与 PTB 和 SGA 相关的危险因素可能有助于降低这些疾病的发生率以及与婴儿死亡率和发病率相关的风险。
