Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov-Dec;30(6):948-51. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.08.021.
Over 65,000 Americans are diagnosed with kidney cancer each year and nearly 13,000 die of this disease. Kidney cancer is not a single disease, it is made up of a number of different types of cancer, each with a different histology, a different clinical course, responding differently to therapy and caused by a different gene. Study of the 13 genes that are known to cause kidney cancer has led to the understanding that kidney cancer is a metabolic disease. Recent discoveries of chromatin remodeling/histone modifying genes, such as PBRM1 and SETD2, have opened up new areas of intense interest in the study of the fundamental genetic basis of kidney cancer. New approaches to immunotherapy with agents such as the CTLA4 inhibitor, ipilumumab, have opened up promising new directions for clinical trials. A number of new agents targeting of VEGF receptor signaling and the mTOR pathways as well as novel approaches targeting HIF2 will hopefully provide the foundation for the development of effective forms of therapy for this disease.
每年有超过 65000 名美国人被诊断出患有肾癌，近 13000 人死于这种疾病。肾癌不是一种单一的疾病，它由许多不同类型的癌症组成，每种癌症都有不同的组织学、不同的临床过程，对治疗的反应不同，由不同的基因引起。对已知导致肾癌的 13 个基因的研究表明，肾癌是一种代谢疾病。最近发现的染色质重塑/组蛋白修饰基因，如 PBRM1 和 SETD2，为研究肾癌的基本遗传基础开辟了新的研究领域。免疫疗法的新方法，如 CTLA4 抑制剂 ipilumumab，为临床试验开辟了有希望的新方向。针对 VEGF 受体信号和 mTOR 通路的许多新型药物，以及针对 HIF2 的新方法，有望为这种疾病的有效治疗方法的发展奠定基础。
