Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Eur Urol. 2013 May;63(5):810-20. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.012. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most diagnosed malignancies in the world, correlating with regions where men consume more of a so-called Western-style diet. As such, there is much interest in understanding the role of lifestyle and diet on the incidence and progression of PCa.
To provide a summary of published literature with regard to dietary macro- and micronutrients and PCa incidence and progression.
A literature search was completed using the PubMed database for all studies published on diet and PCa in June 2012 or earlier. Primary literature and meta-analyses were given preference over other review articles when possible.
The literature was reviewed on seven dietary components: carbohydrates, protein, fat and cholesterol, vegetables, vitamins and minerals, and phytochemicals. Current literature linking these nutrients to PCa is limited at best, but trends in the published data suggest consumption of carbohydrates, saturated and ω-6 fats, and certain vitamin supplements may promote PCa risk and progression. Conversely, consumption of many plant phytochemicals and ω-3 fatty acids seem to slow the risk and progression of the disease. All other nutrients seem to have no effect or data are inconclusive. A brief summary about the clinical implications of dietary interventions with respect to PCa prevention, treatment, and survivorship is provided.
Due to the number and heterogeneity of published studies investigating diet and PCa, it is difficult to determine what nutrients make up the perfect diet for the primary and secondary prevention of PCa. Because diets are made of multiple macro- and micronutrients, further prospective studies are warranted, particularly those investigating the relationship between whole foods instead of a single nutritional component.
前列腺癌（PCa）仍然是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，与男性消耗更多所谓西方饮食的地区相关。因此，人们非常关注生活方式和饮食对 PCa 发病率和进展的影响。
总结已发表的关于饮食宏量和微量营养素与 PCa 发病率和进展的文献。
使用 PubMed 数据库检索了截至 2012 年 6 月或更早发表的所有关于饮食与 PCa 的研究。在可能的情况下，优先选择原发性文献和荟萃分析，而不是其他综述文章。
对七种饮食成分进行了文献回顾：碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和胆固醇、蔬菜、维生素和矿物质以及植物化学物质。目前将这些营养素与 PCa 联系起来的文献非常有限，但已发表数据中的趋势表明，碳水化合物、饱和和 ω-6 脂肪以及某些维生素补充剂的摄入可能会增加 PCa 的风险和进展。相反，许多植物植物化学物质和 ω-3 脂肪酸的摄入似乎会减缓疾病的风险和进展。其他所有营养素似乎都没有影响或数据不确定。简要总结了饮食干预对 PCa 预防、治疗和生存的临床意义。
由于研究饮食与 PCa 之间关系的发表研究数量和异质性，很难确定哪些营养素构成了 PCa 初级和二级预防的完美饮食。由于饮食由多种宏量和微量营养素组成，因此需要进行进一步的前瞻性研究，特别是那些研究整个食物而不是单一营养成分之间关系的研究。
