Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Prev Med. 2013 Mar;56(3-4):165-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.11.018. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
To assess influenza vaccination coverage and timeliness among children requiring two doses in a season.
This study examined seasonal influenza vaccination of 17,800 children from five academically-affiliated clinics in New York City using hospital and city immunization registries. Eligible children were 6 months-8 years and needed two influenza vaccine doses in a given season between 2004-05 and 2009-10. Any (≥ 1 dose) and full (2 doses) vaccination coverage by December 15 and March 31 as well as interval between doses were calculated. Vaccination trends over time, determinants, and missed opportunities were assessed.
Children were primarily Latino and publicly insured. Full coverage by March 31 increased between the 2004-05 and 2009-10 seasons (9% vs. 29%, p<0.001). Few children received both doses by December 15 (2-13%). The interval between doses was almost twice as long as recommended and increased over time (2004-05: 52 days; 2009-10: 64 days; p<0.001). Older age and Latino ethnicity were negative predictors of full vaccination by March 31. Missed opportunities for the second dose were common.
Despite improvements, low-income, minority children requiring two influenza vaccine doses remain at risk of incomplete and delayed vaccination. Barriers to and strategies for timely full vaccination should be explored.
评估一个季节内需要接种两剂的儿童的流感疫苗接种覆盖率和及时性。
本研究使用医院和城市免疫登记处，对纽约市 5 家学术附属诊所的 17800 名儿童进行季节性流感疫苗接种。符合条件的儿童为 6 个月至 8 岁，在 2004-05 年至 2009-10 年期间，每个季节需要接种两剂流感疫苗。计算 12 月 15 日和 3 月 31 日之前的任何（≥1 剂）和完全（2 剂）疫苗接种覆盖率以及剂量之间的间隔。评估了随时间推移的疫苗接种趋势、决定因素和错过的机会。
儿童主要是拉丁裔，并且有公共保险。到 3 月 31 日，完全接种覆盖率在 2004-05 年至 2009-10 年期间有所增加（9%比 29%，p<0.001）。很少有儿童在 12 月 15 日之前接种两剂（2-13%）。剂量之间的间隔几乎是建议时间的两倍，并且随着时间的推移而增加（2004-05：52 天；2009-10：64 天；p<0.001）。年龄较大和拉丁裔种族是 3 月 31 日完全接种的负面预测因素。错过第二剂的机会很常见。
尽管有所改善，但需要接种两剂流感疫苗的低收入、少数族裔儿童仍面临不完全和延迟接种的风险。应探讨及时完全接种疫苗的障碍和策略。
