MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Dec 7;61(48):986-9.
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable viral disease characterized by swelling of the salivary glands; serious complications (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis, or oophoritis) can occur. On September 29, 2011, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) three cases of mumps among students recently evaluated at their university's student health services with symptoms suggestive of mumps. An investigation by CDPH, student health services, and the local health department identified 29 mumps cases. The presumed source patient was an unvaccinated student with a history of recent travel to Western Europe, where mumps is circulating. The student had mumps symptoms >28 days before the onset of symptoms among the patients confirmed on September 29. Recognizing that at least two generations of transmission had occurred before public health authorities were alerted, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was provided as a control measure. This outbreak demonstrates the potential value of requiring MMR vaccination (including documentation of immunization or other evidence of immunity) before college enrollment, heightened clinical awareness, and timely reporting of suspected mumps patients to public health authorities.
流行性腮腺炎是一种可通过疫苗预防的病毒性疾病，其特征为唾液腺肿胀；可能出现严重并发症（如脑膜炎、脑炎、睾丸炎或卵巢炎）。2011 年 9 月 29 日，加利福尼亚州公共卫生部（CDPH）通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）确认了三例流行性腮腺炎病例，这些病例是在最近到该校学生健康服务中心就诊、出现疑似流行性腮腺炎症状的学生中发现的。CDPH、学生健康服务中心和当地卫生部门的调查确定了 29 例流行性腮腺炎病例。假定的源患者是一名未接种疫苗、有近期前往西欧旅行史的学生，西欧正在流行腮腺炎。该学生在 9 月 29 日确诊的患者出现症状前 >28 天出现流行性腮腺炎症状。鉴于在公共卫生部门得到警报之前至少发生了两代传播，因此采取了麻疹、流行性腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗接种作为控制措施。此次暴发表明，在大学入学前要求接种 MMR 疫苗（包括免疫接种证明或其他免疫证据）、提高临床意识以及及时向公共卫生部门报告疑似流行性腮腺炎患者具有潜在价值。
