Department of Medicine, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK.
J Hum Hypertens. 2013 Jun;27(6):374-80. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2012.59. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
There are limited, reliable data on the prevalence of hypertension in East African populations. The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of hypertension in the rural Hai district of Tanzania. All consenting individuals aged 70 years and over who were living in 12 randomly-selected villages in the district underwent three consecutive sitting blood pressure (BP) measurements. An average of the last two measurements was taken. Prior diagnosis of, and treatment for, hypertension was recorded. Of the 2223 subjects, 1553 (69.9%, 95% CI 68.0-71.8) had hypertension (BP ≥140/90). Of those with hypertension 733 (47.2%) had isolated systolic hypertension. Only 586 (37.7%) hypertensives had been previously diagnosed, 94 (6.1%) were currently treated and 14 (0.9%) were adequately controlled. This is the first large-scale prevalence study of hypertension in the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our results approximate to a 'rule of sixths'; 2/6 of hypertensives were previously detected, 1/6 of those previously detected were on treatment and 1/6 of those on treatment were adequately controlled. Hypertension is a large problem in the elderly population in SSA, and there are a growing number of elderly who are at risk of hypertensive sequelae owing to lack of detection and treatment.
在东非人群中，高血压的患病率数据有限且可靠。本研究旨在记录坦桑尼亚 Hai 区农村地区高血压的患病率。该地区随机选择的 12 个村庄中所有 70 岁及以上的同意参与者进行了三次连续的坐姿血压（BP）测量。取最后两次测量的平均值。记录了高血压的既往诊断和治疗情况。在 2223 名受试者中，1553 名（69.9%，95%CI 68.0-71.8）患有高血压（BP≥140/90）。其中 733 名（47.2%）患有单纯收缩期高血压。仅有 586 名（37.7%）高血压患者之前被诊断过，94 名（6.1%）正在接受治疗，14 名（0.9%）得到了充分控制。这是撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）首次针对老年人高血压进行的大规模患病率研究。我们的结果接近“六分之一规则”；2/6 的高血压患者之前被发现，1/6 的之前被发现的患者正在接受治疗，1/6 的接受治疗的患者得到了充分控制。高血压是 SSA 老年人群中的一个大问题，由于缺乏检测和治疗，越来越多的老年人面临高血压后遗症的风险。
