Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Metallomics. 2013 Jan;5(1):29-42. doi: 10.1039/c2mt20009k.
Calcium ion (Ca(2+)), the fifth most common chemical element in the earth's crust, represents the most abundant mineral in the human body. By binding to a myriad of proteins distributed in different cellular organelles, Ca(2+) impacts nearly every aspect of cellular life. In prokaryotes, Ca(2+) plays an important role in bacterial movement, chemotaxis, survival reactions and sporulation. In eukaryotes, Ca(2+) has been chosen through evolution to function as a universal and versatile intracellular signal. Viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, also develop smart strategies to manipulate the host Ca(2+) signaling machinery to benefit their own life cycles. This review focuses on recent advances in applying both bioinformatic and experimental approaches to predict and validate Ca(2+)-binding proteins and their interactomes in biological systems on a genome-wide scale (termed "calciomics"). Calmodulin is used as an example of Ca(2+)-binding protein (CaBP) to demonstrate the role of CaBPs on the regulation of biological functions. This review is anticipated to rekindle interest in investigating Ca(2+)-binding proteins and Ca(2+)-modulated functions at the systems level in the post-genomic era.
钙离子（Ca(2+)）是地壳中第五大常见化学元素，代表了人体内最丰富的矿物质。通过与分布在不同细胞细胞器中的无数种蛋白质结合，Ca(2+)影响细胞生命的几乎每一个方面。在原核生物中，Ca(2+)在细菌运动、趋化性、生存反应和孢子形成中发挥重要作用。在真核生物中，Ca(2+)通过进化被选择作为一种通用且多功能的细胞内信号。作为专性细胞内寄生虫的病毒，也开发了巧妙的策略来操纵宿主 Ca(2+)信号机制，以有利于它们自己的生命周期。本综述重点介绍了应用生物信息学和实验方法来预测和验证生物系统中全基因组范围内的 Ca(2+)结合蛋白及其相互作用组（称为“钙组学”）的最新进展。钙调蛋白被用作 Ca(2+)结合蛋白（CaBP）的一个例子，以展示 CaBPs 在调节生物功能方面的作用。预计本综述将重新激发在后基因组时代在系统水平上研究 Ca(2+)结合蛋白和 Ca(2+)调节功能的兴趣。
