Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #783, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Dec 13;9(1):53. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-53.
Elite adolescent female figure skaters compete in an aesthetic-based sport that values thin builds and lithe figures. To conform to the sport's physical requirements, skaters may alter their eating patterns in unhealthful directions. This study assesses the eating attitudes and dietary intakes of elite adolescent female figure skaters to assess the potential nutritional risks among them.
Thirty-six elite competitive adolescent female figure skaters (mean age 16 ± 2.5 SD years) completed self-administered three-day records of dietary intake and simultaneous physical activity records during training season. Two months later, they attended a national training camp during which they completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), provided fasting blood samples, and had heights and weights measured.
Participants' mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.8 ± 2.1 SD. Their BMIs were within the normal range, and the majority (70%) did not report a history of recent weight loss. The mean EAT-40 score was normal (19.5 ± 13.5 SD) and below the cut-off score of 30 that indicates clinically significant eating pathology. However, one-quarter of the skaters had EAT-40 scores above 30. The skaters reported a mean energy intake of 1491 ± 471 SD kcal/day (31 ± 10 SD kcal/kg), with 61.6% of calories from carbohydrate, 14.6% from protein, and 23.7% from fat. Their reported dietary intakes were high in carbohydrates but low in total energy, fat, and bone-building nutrients.
Although these highly active young women compete in a sport that prizes leanness, they had appropriate weights. The athletes reported dietary intakes that were far below estimated energy needs and were at moderate risk of disordered eating. Anticipatory guidance is warranted to improve their dietary intakes, particularly of bone-building nutrients.
精英少女花样滑冰运动员参加的是一项以审美为基础的运动，该运动重视身材苗条和轻盈的体型。为了符合这项运动的身体要求，滑冰运动员可能会以不健康的方式改变自己的饮食习惯。本研究评估了精英少女花样滑冰运动员的饮食态度和饮食摄入量，以评估她们潜在的营养风险。
36 名精英竞技少女花样滑冰运动员（平均年龄 16 ± 2.5 岁）在训练季节完成了为期三天的饮食摄入量自我记录和同时的体力活动记录。两个月后，她们参加了一个全国性的训练营，在那里她们完成了饮食态度测试（EAT-40），提供了禁食血样，并测量了身高和体重。
参与者的平均体重指数（BMI）为 19.8 ± 2.1 岁。他们的 BMI 在正常范围内，大多数（70%）没有报告最近体重减轻的病史。平均 EAT-40 得分为正常（19.5 ± 13.5 岁），低于 30 分的临界值，表示存在明显的饮食病理学。然而，四分之一的滑冰运动员 EAT-40 得分高于 30 分。滑冰运动员报告的平均能量摄入量为 1491 ± 471 岁。SD kcal/天（31 ± 10 岁。SD kcal/kg），61.6%的热量来自碳水化合物，14.6%来自蛋白质，23.7%来自脂肪。他们报告的饮食摄入量碳水化合物含量高，但总能量、脂肪和促进骨骼生长的营养素含量低。
尽管这些高度活跃的年轻女性参加的是一项推崇苗条的运动，但她们的体重是合适的。运动员报告的饮食摄入量远远低于估计的能量需求，存在饮食紊乱的中度风险。需要进行预期指导，以改善她们的饮食摄入量，特别是促进骨骼生长的营养素。
