Ziegler P, Hensley S, Roepke J B, Whitaker S H, Craig B W, Drewnowski A
Nutrition and Health Division, Campbell Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Apr;30(4):583-6. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199804000-00017.
This study examined potential links between dietary intakes, body fatness, menstrual status, and hematological and serum iron status in 21 competitive female figure skaters aged 11-16 yr.
Attitudes toward dieting were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Dietary intakes were based on 3-d food records. Percent body fat was calculated using measures of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, pectoral, axillary, abdominal, and thigh skinfold measures. Blood iron status was measured using hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hgb), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum iron. Menstrual status was based on a self-report questionnaire.
Body weights and estimated energy intakes were all within normal range for this age group. Higher EAT scores were associated with lower micronutrient, but not lower energy intakes. Menstrual status and iron status were normal. No significant correlations between measures of body fatness, menstrual status, and hematological or serum iron status were observed.
Although the measured indices of nutritional status were normal, adolescent athletes have higher energy needs than does the general population. Depending on energy expenditure levels, energy and nutrition intakes in the low normal range may put some athletes at risk for undernutrition.
本研究调查了21名年龄在11至16岁的竞技女子花样滑冰运动员的饮食摄入、体脂、月经状况以及血液学和血清铁状态之间的潜在联系。
使用饮食态度测试（EAT）评估节食态度。饮食摄入基于3天的食物记录。通过肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂上、胸肌、腋窝、腹部和大腿皮褶测量来计算体脂百分比。使用血细胞比容（Hct）、血红蛋白（Hgb）、总铁结合力（TIBC）和血清铁来测量血液铁状态。月经状况基于自我报告问卷。
该年龄组的体重和估计能量摄入量均在正常范围内。较高的EAT得分与较低的微量营养素摄入量相关，但与较低的能量摄入量无关。月经状况和铁状态正常。未观察到体脂测量、月经状况与血液学或血清铁状态之间存在显著相关性。
尽管所测量的营养状况指标正常，但青少年运动员的能量需求高于一般人群。根据能量消耗水平，处于正常低范围的能量和营养摄入可能会使一些运动员面临营养不足的风险。
