Konigsberg L W
Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78284.
Hum Biol. 1990 Feb;62(1):49-70.
Biological distances calculated between archeologically recovered human skeletal collections are often used to assess the effects of temporal and spatial distance on subpopulation divergence. Although there are many previous empirical studies that examine skeletal material arrayed across time and/or space, the theoretical expectations for temporally or spatially related variation in biological characteristics have not been formally developed. In this paper I present the infinite island model, the unidimensional stepping-stone model, and the migration matrix method in forms that allow prediction of the genetic distance between groups separated by a given spatial and temporal lag. These models demonstrate that, if there is isolation by geographic distance, then the correlation between genetic and spatial distance (controlling for temporal distance) should be positive and the correlation between genetic and temporal distance (controlling for spatial distance) should be negative. I use observations of nonmetric traits in a sample of prehistoric crania from west-central Illinois to demonstrate the expected relationships among biological, temporal, and spatial distance. The results indicate that, once the effects of temporal trend are removed, biological and spatial distance are positively correlated and biological and temporal distance negatively correlated within this sample.
根据考古发掘出的人类骨骼样本计算得出的生物距离，常被用于评估时间和空间距离对亚群体分化的影响。尽管此前有许多实证研究对跨越时间和/或空间的骨骼材料进行了检验，但尚未正式形成有关生物特征在时间或空间上相关变异的理论预期。在本文中，我提出了无限岛屿模型、一维跳板模型和迁移矩阵法，这些模型能够预测在给定的时空间隔下，群体之间的遗传距离。这些模型表明，如果存在地理距离隔离，那么遗传距离与空间距离（控制时间距离）之间的相关性应为正，而遗传距离与时间距离（控制空间距离）之间的相关性应为负。我利用伊利诺伊州中西部史前颅骨样本中的非度量性状观察结果，来证明生物距离、时间距离和空间距离之间的预期关系。结果表明，一旦去除时间趋势的影响，在该样本中生物距离与空间距离呈正相关，而生物距离与时间距离呈负相关。
