Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;367:193-233. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_297.
Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are devastating conditions that may result in death or long-term disability. A promising strategy for the development of effective cell replacement therapies involves the study of regeneration-competent organisms. Among this group, teleost fish are distinguished by their excellent potential to regenerate nervous tissue and to regain function after injury to the central nervous system. In this chapter, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular processes that mediate this regenerative potential, and we show that several of these processes are shared with the normal development of the intact central nervous system; we describe how the spontaneous self-repair of the teleostean central nervous system leads to functional recovery, at physiological and behavioral levels; we discuss the possible function of molecular factors associated with the degenerative and regenerative processes after injury; and, finally, we speculate on evolutionary aspects of adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration, and on how a better understanding of these aspects could catalyze the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome the regenerative limits of the mammalian CNS.
创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤是毁灭性的疾病，可能导致死亡或长期残疾。一种有前途的开发有效细胞替代疗法的策略涉及对具有再生能力的生物体的研究。在这组生物体中，硬骨鱼因其出色的神经组织再生潜力以及在中枢神经系统损伤后恢复功能的能力而脱颖而出。在本章中，我们总结了我们对介导这种再生潜力的细胞过程的现有认识，并表明其中的几个过程与完整中枢神经系统的正常发育共享；我们描述了硬骨鱼中枢神经系统的自发自我修复如何导致生理和行为水平的功能恢复；我们讨论了与损伤后退行性和再生过程相关的分子因素的可能功能；最后，我们推测了成年神经发生和神经元再生的进化方面，以及更好地理解这些方面如何促进克服哺乳动物中枢神经系统再生限制的治疗策略的发展。
