Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa Skills and Simulation Centre, 725 Parkdale Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
Can J Anaesth. 2013 Feb;60(2):192-200. doi: 10.1007/s12630-012-9860-z. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
The purpose of this article is to review the role of technical and nontechnical skills in routine and crisis situations. We discuss the role of different simulation modalities in addressing these skills and competencies to enhance patient safety.
Human and system errors are a recognized cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Technical skills encompass the medical and procedural knowledge required for patient care, while nontechnical skills are behaviour-based and include task management, situation awareness, teamwork, decision-making, and leadership. Both sets of skills are required to improve patient safety. Healthcare simulation can provide an opportunity to practice technical and nontechnical skills in a patient-safe environment. More specifically, these skills are most required in dynamic and crisis situations, which may best be practiced in a simulated patient setting.
Healthcare simulation is a valuable tool to improve patient safety. Simulation-based education can focus on the necessary technical and nontechnical skills to enhance patient safety. Simulation-based research can serve as a means to identify gaps in current practice, test different solutions, and show improved practice patterns by studying performance in a setting that does not compromise patient safety.
本文旨在回顾技术和非技术技能在常规和危机情况下的作用。我们讨论了不同模拟方式在解决这些技能和能力以提高患者安全方面的作用。
人为和系统错误是导致发病率和死亡率显著增加的一个公认原因。技术技能包括患者护理所需的医疗和程序知识，而非技术技能则基于行为，包括任务管理、情境意识、团队合作、决策和领导力。这两套技能都有助于提高患者安全性。医疗保健模拟可以为在患者安全的环境中练习技术和非技术技能提供机会。更具体地说，这些技能在动态和危机情况下最需要，而在模拟患者环境中则最适合进行实践。
医疗保健模拟是提高患者安全性的一种有价值的工具。基于模拟的教育可以侧重于提高患者安全性所必需的技术和非技术技能。基于模拟的研究可以作为一种手段，通过在不影响患者安全的情况下研究性能，来识别当前实践中的差距，测试不同的解决方案，并展示改进的实践模式。
