Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Ifremer, Nantes, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Feb;20(2):630-50. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1316-z. Epub 2012 Dec 18.
Estuarine areas represent complex and highly changing environments at the interface between freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the aquatic organisms living in estuaries have to face highly variable environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of environmental changes from either natural or anthropogenic origins on the physiological responses of Mytilus edulis. Mussels were collected in the Vilaine estuary during early summer because this season represents a critical period of active reproduction in mussels and of increased anthropogenic inputs from agricultural and boating activities into the estuary. The physiological status of the mussel M. edulis was evaluated through measurements of a suite of biomarkers related to: oxidative stress (catalase, malondialdehyde), detoxication (benzopyrene hydroxylase, carboxylesterase), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase), reproductive cycle (vitelline, condition index, maturation stages), immunotoxicity (hemocyte concentration, granulocyte percentage, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, oxidative burst), and general physiological stress (lysosomal stability). A selection of relevant organic contaminant (pesticides, (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls) was measured as well as environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, turbidity, chlorophyll a, pheopigments) and mussel phycotoxin contamination. Two locations differently exposed to the plume of the Vilaine River were compared. Both temporal and inter-site variations of these biomarkers were studied. Our results show that reproduction cycle and environmental parameters such as temperature, organic ontaminants, and algal blooms could strongly influence the biomarker responses. These observations highlight the necessity to conduct integrated environmental approaches in order to better understand the causes of biomarker variations.
河口区是淡水和海洋水生生态系统之间的复杂而高度变化的环境交界区。因此，生活在河口区的水生生物必须面对高度变化的环境条件。本研究的目的是研究自然或人为来源的环境变化对贻贝（Mytilus edulis）生理反应的影响。贻贝在夏季早期在Vilaine 河口采集，因为这个季节是贻贝生殖活跃和农业及划船活动向河口输入增加的关键时期。贻贝 M. edulis 的生理状况通过测量与以下方面相关的一系列生物标志物来评估：氧化应激（过氧化氢酶、丙二醛）、解毒（苯并芘羟化酶、羧酸酯酶）、神经毒性（乙酰胆碱酯酶）、生殖周期（卵黄、状况指数、成熟阶段）、免疫毒性（血细胞浓度、粒细胞百分比、吞噬作用、活性氧物质产生、氧化爆发）和一般生理应激（溶酶体稳定性）。还测量了一些相关的有机污染物（农药、（多环芳烃、多氯联苯）以及环境参数（水温度、盐度、总悬浮物、浊度、叶绿素 a、藻胆色素）和贻贝藻毒素污染。比较了两个位置，它们受到 Vilaine 河羽流的影响不同。研究了这些生物标志物的时间和站点间变化。我们的结果表明，生殖周期和环境参数（如温度、有机污染物和藻类大量繁殖）可能会强烈影响生物标志物的反应。这些观察结果强调了进行综合环境方法的必要性，以便更好地了解生物标志物变化的原因。
